262 
FARRIERY. 
may ferve to dlreft us in our view to efFeft a cure. With 
this intention the quarters are to be rafped, and the hoof’s 
kept conftantly moift by making the horfe hand in wetted 
clay 1'ome part of the day, taking- care to keep the frog 
dry by a covering of tar. When the inflammation of the 
fenflble frog is removed, apply fome aftringent to the 
frog; which, il aflilted by preflure and tar, will render 
that part firm and folid, and the difcharge will of courfe 
ceafe when the inflammation leaves the fenflble frog. 
With refpedt to thofe thruflies which attack the hind 
feet, and which fometimes, though rarely, happen alfo 
in the fore feet, independently of the above caufe, a dif¬ 
ferent treatment is required. When the difcharge has 
exifled for a conflderable time, by flopping it too haflily, 
an inflammation and fwelling of the legs-are too often the 
confequence. It is advifeable, in fuch cafes, to keep the 
bowels open by the following laxative ball, given every 
morning until the defired efleiSt is produced. The belt 
application for the frog is tar, and one of the above aftrin- 
gents, a (lifted by profeifor Coleman’s patent frog. Other 
remedies, however, have been ftrongly recommended ; 
among which are powdered lime, Egyptiacum, tincture 
of myrrh, and other aftringents.—For the laxative ball, 
take aloes, two drams ; Caftile foap, three drams ; and 
make into a ball for one dole. 
Canker. —This malady not unfreqtfentiy originates 
in thru Hi, and mod commonly attacks the hind feet ; it 
generally proves difficult to cure, and is fometimes in¬ 
curable. The frog is the part firfl attacked, which be¬ 
comes loft and rotten, difcharging matter of a peculiarly 
oflenfive fmell ; the horny frog is at length totally de- 
ilroyed, and the fenflble frog, inftead of fecreting horn, 
forms a fubflance fomewhat refembling fiireds of leather. 
The difeafe foon extends to the foie and other pans of the 
foot, even to the coflin-bone, and is then ulually termed 
incurable' The firfl object is to cut away freely all the 
difeafed parts, and when the bleeding has fubfided, apply 
the following liniment, to be repeated every morning. 
Preflure on the difeafed part will very materially aflift in 
effecting, a cure ; for- which purpofe the artificial frog is 
of great ufe. Whenever the foot is dretied; fuch difeafed 
p.arts as may again appear, are to be carefully removed ; 
and to fuch as do not give way to the milder liniment, 
let a little fulphuric or nitrous acid be applied, and the. 
Itrong liniment adopted. When the parts which were 
difeafed begin to look red and healthy, and the difcharge 
lefes that peculiar fmell before noticed, becoming whiter 
and of a thicker confidence, there is great probability of 
a perfect cure being effected.—For the mild liniment, take 
cryftalized verdigris, finely powdered, one ounce ; ho¬ 
ney, two ounces; powdered bole and alum, of each, half 
an ounce; with vinegar enough to give it the proper con- 
liftence, to be mixed over a gentle fire.—For the firong 
liniment, take red nitrated quickfil ver, one ounce; nitrous 
acid, two ounces; the former being dilTolved in the lat¬ 
ter, mix cautioully with four ounces of tar. 
For the artificial frog, calculated’to prevent con¬ 
tracted hoofs, thruflies, canker, &c. in horfes, the king’s 
letters patent were granted to Edward Coleman, efq. pro- 
iell'or in the veterinary college of London, dated Feb. i, 
1S00.—The conftrudtion is thus fet forth : “ I the laid 
Edward Coleman do hereby declare, that my faid inven¬ 
tion is deferibed in manner following; that is to fay •. As 
all cafes of cant rafted hoofs, thruflies, and canker, in 
horfes, arife from the want of due preflure to the frog ; 
and as the frogs of horfes, from ordinary (hoeing, are very 
generally railed much above the heels of the iiioe, fo as 
to receive no preflure in .the (table, it was deemed very 
mporrsnr to apply an artificial frog, adapted- to the hoofs 
of ail horfes, lliod even with the molt common (hoes, 'to 
cover and give any degree of preflure to the natural frog 
only. This frog may De made of iron, horn, wood, lea¬ 
ther, and various other fubltances r but in molt cafes I 
2 
prefer iron. In order to fix and remove the artificial frog 
with great facility, the toe of the iron frog extends under 
the toe of the (lioea this prevents the artificial frog from 
removing forwards; and, to prevent backward or lateral 
motion, a Heel fpring, or other elaftic fubflance, is fitted 
into an irregular groove in the iron frog, and fixed under 
the heels of the flioe. An artificial'frog, thus applied, 
is generally retained fufficiently fteady; but, to fix it more 
firm in its fituation, a ft rap is palled through a hole in the 
heels of the iron frog, and buckled round the hoof. Its 
chief ufe is, where the frog is raifed above the flioe, when 
the influence of the heat of the liable operates power¬ 
fully to induce contraction, that Handing on the artificial 
frog is more particularly wanted, to give fuch a degree of 
preflure as to preferve the natural frog in health, and con- 
fequently free from contraction, thruflies, and canker.’ 1 
Of BLEEDING, EXERCISE, and PHYSIC. 
Bleeding , inagreat variety of cafes, is highly conducive 
to the prefervation and health of the horfe, under his do- 
meflic avocations, and confequent difeafes. The blood 
Ihould always be Caved, that the quantity drawn may be 
accurately known, and that its quality may be mfpeCted. 
If, after it has coagulated, a white or buff-coloured jelly 
is-found on the furface, an inflammatory (late of the body 
is indicated ; but in order to render this criterion ufeful,’’ 
the blood ihould not be taken from too (mall an or ifice. 
When blood is drawn from a healthy horfe, it very foon 
coagulates, and appears like an uniformly red jelly, with 
a final 1 quantity of fluid, refembling water, floating on its 
furface ; this red jelly may by walhing be rendered of a 
light hurt'colour, and exaClly refembles the buff or fize, 
as' it is termed, of inflamed blood. The mod healthy 
blood, therefore, contains this fize; and the caufe of its 
not being confpictious in fuch biood, is, that coagulation 
takes place before the red colouring matter can have time 
to Separate from it; but as blood that is drawn from an 
-animal labouring under general inflammation or fever al¬ 
ways preserves its fluidity much' longer than healthy 
blood, and as the red colouring particles are fpecifically 
heavier than the fluid with which they are mixed, they 
will of courfe be gradually fubfiding as long as the ma(s 
continues fluid, leaving a coat of buff-coloured jelly on 
the furface. 
Healthy blood, when fullered to coagulate, confifls of 
two parts ; the red jelly, termed era jfamen turn, and the 
water, or Jiruru ; and t he former may be fepafated by walh¬ 
ing. into two parts, viz', the red colouring particles, or 
red globules, as they are termed by anatomifts, and the biiff- 
coloured jelly, or coagulable lymph. The proportion which 
thefe component parts of the blood bear to each other, 
feem.s to depend upon the flate of the fyftem at the time 
it is drawn. When the body is healthy and vigorous, we 
find but little ferum ; when it is pretei naturally excited, 
or in a flate of inflammation, there is frill lefs, and when 
the animal is weak and debilitated, there is generally an 
abundance of ferum. Another circumftance to be attended 
to in examining.blood is the firmnefs or tenacity o( the 
coagulant. In health the blood when drawn and fullered 
to coagulate, is of a moderately firm confidence, and 
ealily broken ; but when the fyftem is highly excited, as 
in general inflammation, fo great is the tenacity of tire 
mafs, that tire finger can fcarcely penetrate into i: ; on. 
the other hand, when the powers of life are weak, as in 
tire latter ftage of fymptomatic fever, the blood aimed 
lofes its property of coagulating. The utility, theretor- , 
of examining the blood that is drawn from a dii'eafed in ie, 
mud be obvious, fince it aflifts in forming a judgmuT v 
the nature of the difeafe, and points' out the pro; er re¬ 
medies. When blood exhibits buff on its furface, pur u 
culariy if at the fame time the coagulum is-finv. an 
lid, we may be certain that the complaint is in‘ . icav, 
and that bleeding may be pnrfued with a ivanto? ' 
on the other hand the mafs of blood is wanting in Lena- 
