FA S C 
viz. I. Infeding the mafiifnalia, of which there are thir¬ 
teen fpecies; viz. The fafciola hoinims, fometimes 
found in the difeafed liver of the human fpecies, who die 
in confumptions. See Gmclin’s I.inn.—The fafciolaJvepa- 
tica, popularly imagined to be the caufe of what is called 
the rot in fheep. It is about an inch long, broaded in 
the fore-part, and gradually narrowing'to the tail. In 
form, it bears fome refemhlance to the feed of the gourd, 
whence'it acquired the trivial name of gourd-worm ; and 
its likenefs, in miniature, to our common flat-fifll, gained 
it the appellation of flounder. Their motion, when taken 
front.a difeafed liver, and thrown into warm water, is vi¬ 
gorous and undulating, very fimilar to that of the above- 
mentioned- fill). The back is fome what elevated, and of 
a yellow i fn colour; but the belly is quite flat, ana of a 
lighter colour. They cannot endure the cold ; but if, on 
being ex poled to it, they are deprived of motion, they 
will quickly revive by being held in the hand, or cad into 
warm liquor. 
The ingenious, M. Leeuwenhoek gives the following 
defcription of this intedinkl worm, when fubjefted to the 
microfcope: “ The (kin on the back appears rough and 
furrowed, and covered with prickles or points, and fo 
tranfparent, that the intedines may plainly be feen on both 
fides. "The head is of a pointed form, the mouth pro¬ 
jecting, open, and of an oval diape, like that of a carp. 
The eyes are very prominent, furrounded with a cartila¬ 
ginous or gridly ring, and are placed, as we fee in many 
flat fillies, both on the back or upper fide, with a divifion 
between them. From the heart arife two vedels fpread- 
ing over the whole body, with a fpace between them, ex¬ 
tending all down the back; arid between thefe velfels are 
many (mailer ones, which are fo minute that no moidure 
caii be difeovered within them. I obferved in the larger 
velfels, three forts of juices, namely, in fome a yellowiih- 
brown, and fometimes a kind of purple; in others a pale 
green ; of a glutinous or dimy nature, and yet flowing in 
the velfels (eyen after the death of the animal,) towards 
the heart, if held-up by the tail, and back again, upon 
the head being railed. The excretory duft is in a very 
unufual place, being on the right (ide of the body, clofe 
tinder the head, for which reafon the intedines are as it 
were crowded together in an heap. There is a fmall pro¬ 
tuberance at the beginning of the bowels, which I take 
to be tiie liver; and between this and the bowels, I find 
in all of them which I have examined, an innumerable 
quantity of oval particles, hundreds of which, taken toge¬ 
ther, are not equal to the fize of a grain of land. They 
are of a pale red colour, and I take them to be the fpawn 
or eggs. Notwithflanding my mod diligent examination, 
I never could dilcover any did'erence of |ex. They may 
be faid to fwarrii in the.livers of rotten dieep ; though 
this depends on their having had more or lefs time to pro¬ 
pagate. 1 have taken out of one liver 870 in number, 
beddes many fragments, and exclu five of thole which were 
cut in pieces by the knife in opening the liver: and in 
another liver I have feen but ten or twelve. I have known 
fheep to be infelled by tlie.nr even-from the womb of the 
parent, and iambs of a year old and upwards, as well as 
aged fheep.” They lire found of many different fizes, 
according to the length of time they have been evolved ; 
but when full grown, they are of t he exact fize as figured 
in the Engraving, at.fig. 1.—For more on this fuhjeft, Ice 
Helmintolog r ; and for piopofed cities, lee the uuicle 
Ovis. 
The other fpecies are : The fafciola vulpis ; head thick, 
rounded, and leparated from the trunk by a circular arch ; 
tail with two cylindrical appendages: found in the in¬ 
tedines of the fox. Putorii ; minute, and rcundilh, with 
two approximate pores ; found in the intedines of the 
polecat. Mclis; body thick, head triangular: inhabits 
the intedines of the badger. Vefpertilionis; body retidilh- 
brown, ilediy, tranfverfely driate with minute dots : found 
in the intedines of the long-eared bat. Leporis; found 
in dilealed livers of.the hare; lame form, and about half 
I O L A. m 
the fize, of that found in rotten fheep. Bourn ; found in 
the difeafed livers of cows and oxen. Percorum; in the 
liver of (wine. Apri; in the liver of the boar. Cervi; 
in the liver of deer. Equi ; in the liver of horfes. The 
five lad-mentioned refemble fafciola hepatica, and are full 
as large or larger, and probably only varieties. Elaphi; 
body conic-ovate, with a very large aperture behind ; 
mouth all-urgent and remote : found in the domach of the 
dag, and is gregarious. 
II. Infefiing birds.-*-Of thefe there are nine fpecies, 
viz. the bibs'; found in the gall duff of the black ea !e ; 
body thick, gregarious. Buteonis; inhabits the intedines 
of the buzzard ; body with two pores. Milvi; body flat, 
with a double pore: found in the intedines of the kite. 
Strigis ; body roundidi, with a (ingle pore : inhabits the 
intedines of the kite. Pufill's ; very minute, and inclofed 
in a cyd or bag: found in the thorax of the drix alnco, 
and the hedge-hog, under the (kin; hence is probably 
not of this genus. Anferis ; oblong, ovate, with oppofite 
papillae placed in two rows; pores approximate : found 
in the reftum of the goofe. Gruis; inhabits the intedines 
of the crane. Ardeae ; found in great numbers in the in¬ 
tedines of the bittern: body i'uborbicular. Anatis; found 
in the intedines of the duck : body final!, pelhfcid, and 
fometimes white; the fore-part ending in a truncate tri¬ 
angle, the hind-part rounded; intedines black, flexuous; 
ovaries lateral. A correft delineation of this fluke is 
given at fig. 2, of its natural fize ; and at fig. 3, the fame 
is Ihewn confiderably magnified, in order to difplay the 
beautiful arrangement of the vedels and intedines. 
III. Infeding reptiles.—Of thefe there are only three 
fpecies as yet known, viz. the falamandrae ; oblong, fnb- 
linear, refembling an oil-flalk; pores remote: found in 
the reftum of the falamander. Range ; body fubclavate, 
mouth feflile: found in the intedines and liver of the frog; 
is very How in motion, fir ft contrafting itfelf into a globu¬ 
lar form, and then dilating itfelf into a flat broad ihape. 
Uncinulata; body armed with twa eladic hooks on .the 
hind-part: inhabits the efculent frog, under the common 
integuments of the abdomen ; in its motion it refembles 
a leech. 
IV. Infeding fiflt.—Of thefe there are twenty-two fpe¬ 
cies, viz. the binodis ; round, with a papillary lateral 
pore: inhabits the intedines of various-fillies ; tail fili¬ 
form, half as long as the body. Didicln ; body long and 
round, with a projecting excavated lateral pore; found 
in the intedines of various fillies. Anguilla: ; found in the. 
eel. Scabra ; bddy round, tranfverfely driate, and ferret- 
late at the margin : inhabits the domach of the whiting- 
pout. This fpecies is hardly viable to the naked eye; 
vivid, pellucid, and protruding from its mouth a hard 
hollowed fp has rule ; with a white double filiform veflel, 
and another blackidi flexuous one filled with eggs, run¬ 
ning down the whole length of the body. Eglilini ; in¬ 
habits the intedines of the haddock ;• half an inch long, 
cinereous, and rounded at the,ends.’ Blennii; found in the 
intedinal mucus of the viviparous ble.nny; body nor vifible 
to the naked eye ; white, pellucid, and generally curved 
into an obtufe angle. Sccrpii ; body elliptic, and perfo¬ 
rated at one end with a minute papilla :. found in the in¬ 
tedines of the father-1 affier. Pla'telfa ; in the intedinal 
mucus of the plaile ; body extremely, minute ; divided in¬ 
to dx alternate pans of green and'white ; terminal pore 
large, lateral one placed in the middle ; eggs deep green. 
Luciopercas; in the intedines of the perca lucioperca; 
body about the fize oi a grain of land, brownidi ; neck cy¬ 
lindrical ; lateral pore a little prominent and narrower 
downwards. Pereas ; ovate, ventricofe; neck Ihort; ter¬ 
minal pore nodulous at the margin : inhabits the intedines 
of the rude; larger than the lad. Lagasha; body rounded, 
with along neck: found in the intedines of the perch. 
Clavata; body livid, wrinkled, and clavate behind : in¬ 
habits the domach ot the fcomber pelamis; about two 
inches long. Varica ; found in the domach of the fal- 
mon: body elongated, often diverging into an acute angle, 
jfmouth. 
