F A U 
F A V 
of war, with twenty pieces of cannon : this battle decided 
the fate of Mantua. 
FA'VOURITB,/. [fnvorit, favorite, Fr. favorrta, Ital.] 
A peifon or tiling beloved; one regarded with favour; 
any thing in which pleafure is taken; that which is re¬ 
garded with particular approbation or aff&< 5 tion.—Every 
particular matter in criticifni has his favourite padages in 
an author. Addifon. 
So fathers fpeak, perfuafive fpeech and mild! 
Their fage experience to the fav'rite child ! Mifccl. 
One cliofen as a companion by a fuperior; a mean wretch 
whofe whole bufinefs is by any means to pleafe.—Nothing 
is more vigilant, notliing more jealous, than a favourite, 
efpecially towards the waining time, and fufpect of fa- 
tiety. Wotton. 
The great man down, you mark, his fav'rite flies; 
The poor advanc’d, makes friends of enemies. Skakefpeare. 
What fav'rites gain, and what the nation owes, 
Fly the forgetful world. Pope. 
FA'VOURLESS, adj. Unfavoured; not regarded with 
kindnefs; having no patronage; without countenance. 
Unfavouring ; unpropitious : 
Of that goodnefs I have fought the fight, 
Yet no where can her find; fuch happineis 
Heaven doth me envy, and fortun e favourlefs. Spenfer. 
FAUP, one of the Carolina, or New Philippine iflands, 
in the Pacific Ocean. 
FAU'QUEMBERG, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Straits cf Calais, and chief place of a canton, 
in the diftridt of St. Omer: eleven miles fouth-weft of 
St. Omer. 
FAU'QUEMONT, or Valkenberg, a town of the 
Netherlands, in the duchy of Limburg, fituated on the 
Geule, and capital of a quarter, or diftrift, to which it 
gives name. In 1568, it was facked by the duke of Alva. 
In 1672, the French made themfelves mafters of it, and 
demolifhed the cattles, gates, and walls: twelve miles 
weft of Aix-la-Chapelle, and fixteen north-north-eaft of 
Liege. 
FAUR (Guy du), lord of Pibrac, an eminent lawyer 
and man of letters, born at Touloufe in 1528. He was 
early inftrufted in polite literature, and after ftudying at 
Paris, vifited 1 taly in order to perfedt himfelf in the fcience 
of jurifprudence. On his return, h.e appeared with luftre 
in the parliament of his native city, in which he had a 
counfeilor’s place, and was cliofen a deputy to the fra;es 
of Orleans, in 1559, at which he prefented to the king 
the memorial of grievances, of his own drawing up. On 
the recommendation of the chancellor de l’Hopital he was 
nominated, in 1565, advocate-general in the parliament 
of Paris ; and in 1570, counfellor of ftate. It was in his 
official capacity that he compofed an apology, in Latin, 
for die execrable maiTacre of St. Bartholomew’s day. He 
died in 1584, at the age of fifty-fix. He publiflied Plead¬ 
ings and Harangues, and a Difcourfe on the Soul and the 
Sciences; but his name is now chiefly remembered for 
his Quatrains, which are a feries of moral inaxims in 
French verfe, written with elegance and purity for the 
time, and which became extremely popular. They were 
univerfally read and recited, went through a number cf 
editions, and were tranflated into Greek, Latin, and va¬ 
rious modern languages. 
FAURA'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, and province of Terra di Lavori: feventeen miles 
eafi of Naples. 
FA'VRE, or Fabf.R (Antony), an eminent lawyer, 
born at Bourg-en-Brefle, in 1557. He ftudied at Paris and 
Turin, and having graduated in his profefiion, was railed 
by the duke of Savoy to the polls of firft judge of the pro¬ 
vinces of Brelfe, Bugey, &c, firft prefident of the fenate 
of Chamberi, and, finally, of governor of Savoy and all 
She provinces beyond the mountains; he was alfo prefi- 
Vol. VII. No. 426. 
277 
dent of the council of the Genevois for the duke of Ne¬ 
mours. His character,-as well for profefiional knowledge 
and capacity, as. for integrity and worth, was extremely 
high. He died in 1624. His works in jurifprudence were 
piibliihe'd in ten volumes folio ; one of tliefe, entitled 
Codex Fabrianus, has been cited with applaufe in all the 
parliaments of France. He alfo compofed a tragedy, en¬ 
titled les Gordians & Maxmins,> ou l'Ambition ; and a work 
on Devotion, which contains a century of quatrains, fome- 
times printed with thofe cf Pibrac. 
FA'VRE (Claude), lord of Vaugefas, and fon of the 
preceding, born at Bourg-en-BrCffe, in 15S5. He,was a 
diftinguilhed member of the French academy,' and de¬ 
voted his whole leifure to the ftudy of his native language, 
by which he has perpetuated his name. His principal, 
works were Remarks on the French Language ; and a 
Tranflation of Quintus Curtins. On this laft performance 
he was employed thirty years, touching and retouching 
it continually, in order to render it a model of purity and 
correftnefs. It accordingly obtained great reputation, 
though it, was not free from the ftiffhefs natural to a woik 
compofed with fo much ftudy. He died in 1650. 
FAU'SEN, f. A fort of large eel: 
The wave fprungentrails, about which faufens and other fifli 
Did (hole. Chapman. 
FAUSE'TUM,/! in old records, a mufical inftrument; 
a pipe. 
FAUS'SE-BR AYE, f. in fortification, an elevation of 
earth, about three feet above the level ground ; round 
the foot of the rampart on the outlide, defended by a pa¬ 
rapet about four or five .fathoms diftant from the upper 
parapet, which-parts it from the berme, and the edge of 
the ditch. The fauue-braye is the fame with what is 
called chemin des rondcs, and bajfe enceinte-, and its life is for 
the defence of the ditch. 
FAUST, or Fust (John), a goldfmith of Mentz, and 
one of thofe three artifts to whom the invention of .print¬ 
ing is generally aferibed, the other two being Guttem- 
berg and Schaeifer. It is, however, uncertain whether he 
had any other (hare in the invention than that of furniflt- 
ing money to Guttemberg, who had made fome attempts 
at Strafburgh, with carved blocks, before he went to 
Mentz. In regard to Schaeffer, who was a writer by pro- 
feftion, and who afterwards married Fauft’s daughter, he 
muft be allowed the honour of having invented punches 
and matrices, by means of which this admirable art was 
carried to perfection. The firft fruits cf this new procefs. 
Which conilitutes the origin of the true typographic art, 
was Durandi Rationale divinorum Officiorum, publifiled by 
Fault and Schaeffer, in 1459, which was followed, fome 
years after, by the Catholicon Joamiis Januenfis. The next 
work was The Bible, which appeared in 1462. Thefe 
three works had been preceded by two editions of the 
Pfalter, the firft in 1457, and the fecond in 1459; but 
both executed with characters engraved on wood, and by 
a mechanifm which Fault and Schaeffer p ode fled in com¬ 
mon with Guttemberg. Thefe two editions of the Plal- 
ter, fo exceedingly rare, are matter-pieces of typography, 
and aftonifti connoifleurs, both on account of the boldnefs 
and precision with which the i.ndufh rous Schaeffer cut the 
characters, which are an imitation of the fined writing 01 
the time ; of the beauty and elegance of the initial letter?, 
printed in three colours, blue, red, and piirple, and of 
the accuracy and neatnefs of the impreffion. Some works* 
however, are accounted to be older than thofe above* 
mentioned, though neither the place nor the name of the 
printer is indicated. Of this kind are, a Bible, in 2 vols. 
folio, which was preferved in the Mazarine library at 
Paris ; Speculum Vita Humana, in fifty-eight prints ; A Hil- 
tory of the Old and New Teftament, reprefented in forty 
figures engraved on wood, with Latin,explanations en¬ 
graved on the fame blocks ; A Hiftory of St. John the 
Evangelift, on forty-eight prints of the fame kind; Ars 
Moriendi. in twenty-four cuts, printed only on one fide; 
4 B ach 
4 
