1280 
FAY 
F E A 
tobacco, wheat, flour, beef, pork, flax-feed, hemp, cot¬ 
ton, butter, lumber, (laves, naval (fores, &c. The boats 
ufed in tranfporting thefe articles to Wilmington, contain 
about 120 barrels, and make their returns of European 
and India goods in from ten to twenty days. The Situa¬ 
tion of the town is agreea'oie and’healthy, and well adapt¬ 
ed for manufactories. The country immediately round 
the town is confiderably elevated, and the foil dry and 
barren ; but near the water-courfes, which are numerous, 
the foil is as rich as any in the (late. Since the fire in 
1792, which deftroyed many houfes, the people begin to 
build with brick, which are here made of a good quality, 
and fold reafonably. The town (lands in a fettlement of 
Scotch Highlanders, and is fifty-five miles north-welt of 
Camden, in South Carolina, 100 fouth-weft of Tarbo- 
rough, 147 fouth-weft-by-fouth of Halifax, 379 fouth-by- 
welt of Wafliington city, and 526 fouth-weft-by-fouth of 
Philadelphia. 
FAYO'RO, a town of Spain, in the province of Arra- 
gon, at the conflux of the Matarana and the Ebro: fif¬ 
teen miles Couth of Fraga. 
FAYOU'M, Feium, or Feyyu.m, aprovince of Egypt, 
fituated on the weft fide of the Nile, extending from the 
river to the lake Birket-el-Kerun; formerly the province 
of Arfinoe, and interfered by canals cut by the ancient 
Egyptians, and then forming a communication between 
the river and the lake. Fayoum, formerly one of the 
wealthieft and mod fertile provinces of Egypt, is much 
declined in its fertility, through the oppreftion of the 
Turks; inltead of flourifliing cities, only mud-wall vil¬ 
lages are found ; the canals are almolt dry, and the Bir- 
ket-el-Kerun, whofe ancient name was Maris , reduced to 
two-thirds of its former extent; notwithftanding all this, 
wherever the waters can penetrate, the fame productions 
of nature are found in the fame abundance. The Copts 
(till cultivate the olives and the vines which their fore¬ 
fathers planted ; frill gather excellent grapes, of which 
they make a mod agreeable wine. The whole country is 
covered with wheat, barley, and dourra, which rife, in 
fucceftion, uninterruptedly, for feven or eight months. 
The tail-flax, the fugar-cane, and vegetables of all kinds, 
fprout up, almoft without culture; cucumbers, and near 
twenty fpecies of melons, melting, fweet, and wholefome, 
adorn the banks of the rivulets, while cluttering fruit- 
trees are fcattered over the plain. Atnidlt a diverfity of 
trees and plants, forefts of the rofe-bufh grow near the 
villages. In other provinces this fine flirub only orna¬ 
ments gardens; but here it is cultivated, and the rofe- 
water, and the after, difti 1 led from its odoriferous flower, 
forms an extenfive branch of commerce. The c.inals and 
lake fwarm with fifh, which are caught in prodigious 
quantities, and eaten in the province, or carried to the 
neighbouring cities, and are as cheap as at Damietta. 
•When the froft and fnow of winter is felt in the northern 
countries, innumerable flocks of birds refort to the lake 
Moeris,.and the canals of Fayoum. The people catch 
abundance of geefe, with golden plumage, and a 1110ft 
agreeable flavour, fat and delicate, ducks, teal, fvvans, 
and pelicans, the (kins of which are ufed for furs. 
Browne, who vifited Fayoum in 1793, informs us that the 
mode of cultivating their plantations of the rofe-tree, is 
by continued layers; the young twigs thence arifing being 
found to produce the largeft and mod fragrant flowers. 
—See the article Egypt, vol. vi. p. 346, and 362 ; and 
p. 388, for a defeription of the rich and beautiful appear¬ 
ance of this fertile country. 
FAYOU'M, a city of Egypt, capital of the above- 
mentioned province, formerly contained public baths, 
majeftic temples, and colleges, divided by the canal of 
Jofeph, and furrounded by gardens. At prefent it is 
only about half a league in circumference, and (lands on 
the eaftern (bore of the canal. The remainder is deftroyed, 
and the colleges and temples are no more. Houfes built 
of fun-dried bricks, prefent a gloomy aflemblage of huts ; 
their inhabitants are poor, and deprived of energy j their 
arts are reduced to a few manufactures of mats, coarfe car¬ 
pets, and tire diftiilation of rofe-water. The. town is go¬ 
verned by a cachef, under one of the beys of Grand Cairo. 
Several Arab (heiks, who have lands in the neighbour¬ 
hood, compofe the council, and go to the divan twice or 
three times a-week, as fummoned by the governor; their 
chief is held in great refpect, but the members of admi¬ 
nistration cannot long enjoy concord : the continual wars at 
Grand Cairo difturb the tranquillity of the provinces, and 
the poflelfors of lands and governments'are often expelled 
by the victorious faction: forty-nine miles fouih-fouth- 
weft of Cairo. Lat. 29. 27. N. Ion. 48. 23. E. Ferro. 
FAYS, a town of France,, in the department of the 
Upper Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCt 
of St. Dizier: five miles north-weft of Joinville. 
FAYS'TOYVN, a townfhip of the American States, in 
Chittenden county, Vermont, fettled in 1790. 
FA'ZIO (Bartholomew), an hiftoriun of the fifteenth 
century, born at Spezia, on the coaft of Genoa. He was 
invited to the court of Alphonfo king of Naples, a great 
patron of learned men, where lie palled mo.ft of his life. 
He died in 1457. Fazio was well acquainted with the 
Greek language; and, at the inftance of Alphonfo, tranf- 
lated into Latin Arrian’s Hiftory of Alexander. He like- 
wife wrote the hiftory of that prince, in ten books, firft 
printed in 1560. Fie compofed the hiftory of the war of 
Chioggia, between the Genoefe and Venetians, which 
commenced in 1377. He was a benefaflor to literary hif¬ 
tory by his work De Viris Illujlribus, containing brief eulo¬ 
gies of the moft famous men who were his contempora¬ 
ries, with anecdotes of their lives, and a critical account 
of their principal works. He alfo wrote De Humana Vitce 
Felicitate, and De Excellentia & Prajlantia Hominis. Flis ftyle 
is generally pure and elegant. 
FAZZEL'LO (Thomas), a learned Sicilian ecclefiaftic, 
born at Sacca, in the diocefe of Palermo, in 1498. He 
was the author of a Hiftory of Sicily, written in Latin, in 
twenty books, Palermo, 1558, which is efteemed a work 
of contiderable merit in point of authority. It has gone 
through feveral editions, and was tranflatea into the Ita¬ 
lian language by father Rene, of Florence. Fie is faid to 
have died in confequence of a fall from a high tower. 
FAZZO'LO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, and province of Capitanata: thirteen miles fouth- 
weft of Manfredonia. 
To FEAGUE, v. a. [Gower ufes tofeige, for to cen- 
fure ; figen, Ger. to fweep ; fyhen, Dut. to ftrike.J To 
whip ; to chaftife ; to beat. 
FEAL, a river of Ireland, which rifes near Coolna- 
kenny, in the county of Limerick, and unites with the 
river Gale, &c. in the county of Kerry, after which it 
takes the name of Cajhin, and falls into the Shannon’s 
mouth, eleven miles above Kerry Head. 
FEAL, adj. An ancient term for thofe tenants by knight 
fervice who fwore to their lords to be feal and leal, i.e. 
faithful and loyal. 
FEAL'TY, f. [Jidelitas , Lat. feaulte, Fr. i. e. fides , 
jidei, obfequii et J'ervitii ligamen, quo particularity vajjalus do¬ 
mino ajlringitur. Spelm.] Inlaw, the oath taken at the 
admittance of every tenant, to be true to the lord of 
whom he holds liis land ; and he that holds land by the 
oath of fealty, has it in the freed: manner; becaufe all 
perfons that have fee, hold per /idem et fiduaam, that is, 
by fealty at lead. And fealty is incident to all manner 
of tenures except frankalmoigne and tenancy at will. 
See the article Tenures. This fealty, which is ufed in 
other nations, as well as England, at the firft creation of 
it bound the tenant to fidelity, the breach whereof was 
the lofs of his fee. It is ufually mentioned with homage , 
but diifers from it; being an obligation permanent, which 
binds for ever : and thefe differ in the manner of the (o- 
lemnity, for the oath of homage is taken by the tenant 
kneeling; but that of fealty is taken (landing, and in¬ 
cludes the fix following things, viz. 1. Incolume , that he 
do no bodily injury to the lord. 2. Tutum , that he do 
no 
