346 
FEZ 
By /tying and cafting that mud upon heaps, 
Commodities many the luifbandman reaps. Tujfcr, 
FEY-HIA'NG, a town of China, of the third rank, 
•in the province of Pe-tche-li twelve miles fouth-eaft 
of Quang-ping. 
FE YDA'N Y, a town of Samogitia: fix teen miles fouth- 
fouth-weft of Mednik. 
FEYDEAU' (Matthew), a French ecclefiaftic, born 
at Paris, in 16 16. He pur Cued his (Indies in the college 
of the Sorbonne, where his literary proficiency, his lively 
genius, his unaffected piety, and amiable manners, pro¬ 
cured him great refpeCt and efteein. In 1645, he was 
engaged by M. de Bellegarde, archbifhop of Sens, to de¬ 
liver a courfe of inftruCtions, under the name of confe¬ 
rences, to the young candidates for ordination in his dio- 
cefe. In 1646, he accepted of the vicarage of Belleville ; 
and he was prevailed upon to a Hi ft with his advice feve- 
ral young (indents in philofophy and theology at the uni- 
verCity of Paris. For their life he compofed his Medita¬ 
tions on the principal duties of a Chriltian, taken from the 
Sacred Scriptures, the Councils, and the Fathers, which 
was publiftied in 1649, nmo. and has undergone nume¬ 
rous impreflions. From the vicarage of Belleville he was 
transferred to that of St. Merri; and, in that parifh, con¬ 
jointly with fome other ecclefiaftics, eftablifhed the con¬ 
ferences, which became fo celebrated in the eccleliaftical 
hiftory of the times. In 1650, he publifhed a Catechifm 
on Grace ; which was foon afterwards reprinted under 
the title of Illuftrations of certain Difficulties-refpeCting 
Grace. This little work was condemned, during the fame 
year, by a decree of the inquifition at Rome, which M. 
Fuuquet, attorney-general of the Parliament of Paris, 
would not permit to be promulgated in that city. Seve¬ 
ral pieces appeared from the prefs, however, in oppofi- 
tion to the Catechifm, which were anfwered by the cele¬ 
brated M. Arnauld, in his Reflections on a Decree of the 
Inquifition at Rome, printed at Paris in 1651. In 1636, 
M. Feydeau was one of the feventy-two doCtors who were 
expelled by the faculty of the Sorbonne, for refuting to 
fubfcribe to the condemnation of M. Arnauld ; on which 
account he was alfo obliged to relinquilh his vicarage of 
St. Merri. For feveral years afterwards he lived chiefly 
in retirement, in which he produced his Reflections on 
the Hiftory and Harmony of the Gofpels, in 2 vols. 121110. 
which has been often reprinted both in France and Flan¬ 
ders. He was finally baniftied to Annonai in the Vi- 
vares, where he died in 1694, in the feventy-ninth year of 
his age. 
FEY'REGG, a town of Germany, in the archduchy of 
Auftria : eight miles we ft-fouth-weft of Ebenfurth. 
FEY'STRIZ, a town of Germany, in the archduchy of 
Auftria: fifteen miles fouth-fouth-weft of Ebenfurth. 
FEZ, a country of Africa, formerly a kingdom of great 
extent; bounded on the north by the (traits of Gibraltar 
and the Mediterranean Sea, on the eaft by Algiers, on 
the fouth by Morocco, and on the weft by the Atlantic 
Ocean. It is divided into nine provinces or diftriCts, and 
the whole united to the empire of Morocco. The fori is 
fertile, producing, in the greateft abundance, corn, fruit, 
flax, fait, gum, wax,&c. Oranges, lemons,figs, and olives, 
every where abound. The Moors, however, are but bad 
farmers, and cultivate only in proportion to their wants, 
fo that two-thirds of the country lie wafte. The whole 
of the country is not equally good, a conliderable traCt 
to the weft of Old Fez is full of marftres, which render 
the air unwholefome, and the people unhealthy. The 
mountains abound with game, and the forefts with wild 
beads. The lions are here the moft daring and favage 
in all Africa ; horfes, camels, kine, (keep, goats, and 
and hares, are very numerous. The principal exports 
are hides and leather of all forts, particularly that (tiled 
Morocco, (kins, furs, wool, dates, almonds, figs, raifins, 
olives, honey, wax, filk, cotton, flax, horfes, ottrich fea¬ 
thers, gold-duft, &c. The imports chiefly coofifliD fpice- 
F E Z 
ry, cochineal, Vermillion, iron, brafs, fteel, wire, arrnsy 
ammunition, drugs, watches, fmall looking-glafles, quick, 
lilver, tartar, opium, alum, aloes, Englifh and other linen 
and woollen cloths, muftins, callicoes, fuftians, gold- 
wire, filk of all kinds, brocades, damafk?, velvets, red 
woollen caps, toys and trinkets of all forts, Guinea cow¬ 
ries, combs, paper, and a great variety of earthen-ware. 
The commerce for all of which centers in the capital. 
FEZ, a city of Africa, and capital of the above-de.- 
feribed kingdom, was built about the end of the eighth 
century, by Edris, the defeendant of Mahomet and Afi, 
whofe father, flying from Medina to avoid the proferip. 
tions of the caliph Abdallah, retired to the extremity of 
Africa, and was proclaimed fovereign by the Moors. Sidy 
Edris, fucceeding to the crown of his father, founded the 
city of Fez, in 793, and built the mofque in which he is 
buried. From that time the city of Fez has been con- 
(idered by the Moors as a facred afylum, and an objeCt 
of devotion. In the firft moments of that zeal which 
every religious novelty infpires, a (bill larger mofque wa? 
built at Fez, and called Carubin, becaufe it was founded 
by the Arabs of Cairoan. This is one of the fineft edi¬ 
fices in the empire, and, perhaps, in Africa. Many other 
mofques were afterwards built fuccefiively at Fez, to 
which were annexed, according to the cuftom of the Ma¬ 
hometans, colleges and hofpitals; and this city was held 
in fo high a degree of veneration, that, when the pilgri¬ 
mage to Mecca was interrupted, in the fourth century of 
the Hegira, the weftern Mahometans, as a fubftitute, re¬ 
paired to Fez, while the eaftern journeyed to Jerufalern-. 
When the Arabs had extended themfelves in Ada, Af¬ 
rica, and Europe, they brought to Fez the knowledge 
they had acquired in the arts and fciences ; and, to its 
religiousXchools, this capital added academies for philo¬ 
fophy, phyfic, and aftronomy. Fez, reforted to from 
almoft all Africa, and the objeCt of the devout pilgri¬ 
mages of the Mahometans, foon became the rendezvous 
of the neighbouring provinces. The increafe of wealth 
introduced the love of pleafure, and every fpecies of 
luxury ; licentioufnefs quickly followed ; and, as its 
progrefs in hot countries is always moft rapid, Fez, the 
ichool of fciences and manners, foon became the fink of 
every vice. The public baths, which health, cleanli- 
nefs, and cuftom, rendered necetfary, became the recep¬ 
tacles of the moft infamous debauchery. The Mahome¬ 
tans of Andalufia, Grenada, and Cordova, during the 
revolutions of Spain, pafled over to Fez, whither they 
brought new manners, knowledge, and, perhaps, fome 
fhades of civilization. They taught the Spanifh method 
of drefling and dying red and yellow goat and (beep (kins, 
then called Cordovan leather, now Morocco, from the 
city of that name, where, however, the dye is lead in 
perfection. At Fez, likewife, they firft eftablifhed the 
manufacture of milled woollen caps, worn by the Moors 
and eaftern nations. Gauzes, filks, (tufts, and beautiful 
fafhes, wrought in gold and ftlver, are made at Fez ; and 
the little they do proves how much might be done, were 
induftry encouraged. Some love of learning is (till pre- 
ferved at Fez, where Arabic is better fpoken than in the 
other parts of the empire : the rich Moors fend their 
children to the fchools at Fez, where they gain more in- 
(truCtion than they could do in any other part of the em¬ 
pire. The mofque of Carubin is the only remarkable 
public building, and that cannot be freely examined. The 
city contains fome tolerably convenient inns, the ftreets 
are ill-paved, and fo narrow, that in many places two 
horfemen cannot ride abreaft. Fez, which, in pad ages, 
attracted the attention of travellers, is no way preferable 
to the other cities of the empire, except by its fituation, 
fchools, induftry, and fomewhat more of urbanity : yet, 
though more poliflied than their countrymen, the Moors 
of Fez are vain, fuperftitious, and intolerant. The faints, 
whom they pretend have been buried in that city, ferve 
them for a pretext to forbid it entrance to Jews and 
Chriftiansj and an order from the emperor is neccflary 
to 
