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374 
FI'NABLE, adj. That admits a fine; that which de- 
ferves a fine.—This is the order for writs of covenant 
that be finable. Bacon. 
FINyTI'US (Orontius), in French Fine, one of the mod 
celebrated mathematicians of his time, fon of a phyfician 
at Brian^on in Dauphine, where he was born in 1494. His 
father dying when lie was very young, he went to Paris, 
where he was patronized by Anthony Silvefter, a fellow, 
townfman, who taught the belles-lettres in Montague-col- 
lege. By his intered young Finaeus got admitted into 
the college of Navarre, where he went through a courfe 
of claffical learning and philofophy. He firft attracted 
notice in 1519, by publifliing an edition of John Martin 
Siliceus's Arithmetic, much more correct than in its ori¬ 
ginal form ; and afterwards, in 1523, by giving to the 
public a revifed and improved edition of the Margareta 
Philofophica, containing the principles of rational and mo¬ 
ral philofophy. Thefe works appeared while he was yet 
in tlie college of Navarre. Afterwards, he for fome time 
read private lectures in the mathematics, and then be¬ 
came a public teacher of them in the college of Gervais. 
So high was the reputation which he acquired in this 
character, that when Francis I. who had founded a new 
college at Paris, was defirous of filling the profelforfliips 
with men of the firlt-rate abilities, Finaeus was recom¬ 
mended to him as the fitted perfon to teach the mathe¬ 
matics in that inditution. To this employment he de¬ 
voted himfelf with the utmod zeal and activity, and nobly 
fupported the credit of his profefiion, both by his fuccels 
in indru£ting numerous fcholars, and his various works 
on almod every mathematical fubject. In addition to 
his other qualifications, Finaeus poffelled a mechanical 
genius, by which he was led to condrudt different indru- 
ments and pieces of mechanifm, which added not a little 
to his fame for ingenuity. Among others, mention is 
made of a clock invented by him in 1553, and defcribed 
in the Amderdam Journal for March 29, 1694, which 
affords driking evidence of his fkill in mechanics. But, 
notwithdanding his genius, his adiduity, his high repu¬ 
tation, and the edeem in which he was held by an infi¬ 
nite number of perfons, it was his fate, like that of many 
other men of rare talents and endowments, to receive no 
rewards adequate to his merits and fervices. He died in 
1355, according to fome writers, with his fpirits broken 
by his didreffes and difappointments. The death of Fi¬ 
naeus called forth the pens of the mod didinguiflied 
writers among his contemporaries, whofe eulogies and 
epitaphs were collected in a volume entitled, Funebre Sym- 
bolum aliquot doSionm Virorvm, Viro DoBifiimo Orontio Finceo. 
The whole of his works were published together, in 
three volumes folio, which bear the dates of 1532, 1542, 
and 1556. 
FI'NAL, adj. [final, Fr. finalis, Lat.] Ultimate; lad : 
And over them triumphant death his dart 
Shook ; but delay’d to drike, though oft invok’d 
With vows, as their chief good, and final hope. Milton. 
Conelufive ; decifive.—There be many examples where 
fea-fights have been final to the war. Bacan. —Moral; de¬ 
finitive : 
At lad refolv’d to work his final fmart. 
He lifted up his hand, but back again did dart. Spenfitr. 
Refpefting the end or motive.—By its gravity air raifes 
the water in pumps, fiphons, and other engines; and per¬ 
forms all thofe feats which former philofophers, through 
ignorance of the efficient caufe, attributed to a final, 
namely, nature’s abhorrence of a vacuity. Ray. —Your 
anfwering in the final caufe, makes me believe you are at 
a lofs for the efficient. Collier. 
FI'NAL CAUSE, in theology, is applied to that great, 
wile, and good, end, which Almighty God, the author of 
nature, had in creating and proportioning, in fitting and 
dilpoling, in continuing and preferving, all the feveral 
parts of the univcrfe. Our reafoning from final caufes, 
F I N 
in proof of an all wife creating and difpofmg mind, is very 
conelufive. Who, for indance, that compares the ufe or 
final caufe of an eye or ear with the drudlure of thofe or¬ 
gans, and with the properties belonging to light and 
found, but mud of neceflity infer defign, and from defign, 
intelligence ? “ He that formed the eye, fliall he not fee t 
He that fafliioned the ear, (hall he not hear ?” 
FINA'LE,/! [Italian.] The conclufion ; a word modly 
ufed by muficians for the lad piece in an opera. 
FINA'LE, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Modena, 
fituated on an ifland formed by the Panaro, on the con. 
fines of the Mantuan and Ferrarefe : eighteen miles north- 
north-ead of Modena. 
FINA'LE, a finall marquifate of Italy, furrounded by 
the dominions of Genoa, agreeable, fertile, and populous. 
It formerly belonged to the family of Caretto, from whom 
it was fold to Spain in 1590, and in 1602 annexed to the 
duchy of Milan. In the war for the Spanifh fucceflion, 
it was taken by the French; and, in 1707, ceded, with 
the red of Lombardy, to the emperor. In 1713, the 
marquifate was fold to the republic of Genoa, on certain 
conditions, for 120,000 piaders. In 1743, the emprefs queen 
made over all her pretenfions to the town and marquifate 
of Finale to the king of Sardinia ; the republic of Genoa 
to be repaid the purchafe-money, and Finale to be made 
a free port. When the king of Sardinia, by virtue of 
this convention, demanded the harbour and the marqui¬ 
fate, the Genoefe made feveral remondrances againd it, 
which availing nothing, they determined to keep poffef- 
fion by force of arms. Accordingly they entered into an 
alliance with France, Spain, and Naples ; and though the 
king of Sardinia declared, if the republic would recede 
from the intended alliance with thefe crowns, he would 
make over to it all his rights and claims to Finale ; yet 
the republic, fo far from taking his word, in 1743, de¬ 
clared war againd him. This proved an unfortunate cir- 
cumdance for Genoa, the king of Sardinia making himfelf 
mailer of this marquifate, and feveral other parts of their 
poffeffions. However, by the peace of Aix-le-Chapelle, 
in 1748, the republic was redored to the pofleflion of all 
its former edates. 
FINA'LE, a fea-port town of Italy, with a good har¬ 
bour on the coad of the Mediterranean, and capital of a 
fmall marquifate, fubiedf to the Genoefe. In 1745, thia 
town was bombarded by the Englilh ; and, in 1746, it 
was taken by the king of Sardinia : thirty-one miles fouth- 
wed of Genoa. Lat. 44. 10. N. Ion. 25. 33. E. Ferro. 
PENALLY, adv. Ultimately; ladly; in conclufion t 
Sight bereav’d 
May chance to number thee with thofe 
Whom patience finally mud crown. Milton . 
Completely ; without recovery.—Doubtlefsly many men 
are finally lod, who yet have no men’s fins to anfwer for 
but their own. South. 
FINA'NCE,/. [French.] Revenue; income; profit. 
It is feldom ufed in the Angular.—This fort of finance 
hath been increafed. Bacon. —His pretence for making 
war upon his neighbours was their piracies, though he 
pradlifed the fame trade when he was draitened in his 
fina?iccs at the fiege of Byzantium. Arbutknot. 
FINAN'CIAL, adj. Relative to finance.—It remains 
only to confider the proofs of financial ability furnilhed 
by the prefent French managers. Burke. 
FIN AN'CIER,/. [French.] One whocollefts orfarms 
the public revenue ; one who provides for the public exi¬ 
gencies.—A pious and venerable prelate to take upon 
himfelf the place of grand financier of confifcation, and 
comptroller-general of facrilege. Burke. 
FI'NARY, or Finery, f . [from to fine.] In the iron¬ 
works, the fecond forge at the iron-mills. 
FdN'CASTLE, a pod-town of the American States in 
Virginia, and capital of Bottetourt county, fituated bn 
the ead fide of Catabavv creek, which falls into James 
river, on the wed fide of the North Mountain. Here are 
s a court- 
