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f i s: 
autumn by following the plough. They have pale 
red heads, are yellowifii at the tail, and their bodies, 
when fcoured, are of a pale white. They are an excel¬ 
lent winter bait: keep them in a pot of fome of their 
own earth witli dryifh mofs at top, and let them be in a 
warm place. The bed way to render them tough is, to 
put them into boiling milk for about two minutes, the 
morning you mean to ufe them. 
9. Flag or dock-worm. —This is another fpecies of earth¬ 
worm, found in moift places near dock-roots, and are bed: 
taken by fliaking the earth with a dung-fork. • They are 
excellent baits for carp and tench, and may be preferved 
in mofs. In the larged fort of fedges may be found, in 
the hollow parts near the roots, a black-headed large 
grub about an inch long, which is not to be found in any 
other place : it is a good bait for pond-fifhing, though it 
is very tender, but may be rendered tougher by boiling. 
It is the larva of the nepa , or vvater-fcorpio'n. 
10. Palmers, or caterpillars. —Thefe are eafily procured 
^ by beating the branches of oaks, hawthorns, and other 
trees or bufiies that grow over highways, paths, and open 
places. When you have picked up a fufficient quantity, put 
each fort into different boxes, with little holes on the top 
and Tides, to give them air ; and put to them a little of 
the bark, and a proper quantity of the leaves of the tree 
from which they were taken. Feed them five or (ix 
times a-week, and you will find them good bait. The 
cabbage-caterpillar, which is the larva of the white but¬ 
terfly, is alfo an excellent bait. All palmers are to be fed 
and preferved with the fame kind of leaves as they are 
found on. 
11. Minnow, Stickleback, &c. —Thefe are good baits for 
mofl of the larger voracious fillies. 
12. Salmon's roe. —Thofe who wifh to preferve this bait 
for winter and fpring fifhing, may do it, by boiling it mo¬ 
derately ; then, having a glazed earthen pot, fprinkle a 
little fait over the roe, put a layer of wool at the bottom 
of the pot, and then a layer of roe, and fo on till the 
pot is filled. It isaiery good bait.—Numerous paffes 
and oils, which many have preferibed for enticing fifli to 
bite, are idle chimeras.—All the preceding are termed 
Jinking baits, adapted to ground or bottom fifhing; for 
which purpofe the line muff be fliotted near the hook : 
flies are for the furface, or top fifhing. 
Of FLY-FISHING. 
This department of angling is chiefly followed up in 
the fnmmer months, when infefts aflume their winged 
Slate, and prefent themfelves on the Tides of every brook, 
in every field and meadow, and almoft on every bufh. It 
is then that river fifli are commonly found in the highefl: 
feafon, fat, fine, and of the highefl flavour, arifing from 
this great choice and fuperabundance of food. 1 he in- 
fefts now, falling and fluttering on the furface of rivers, 
excite the fifli continually to rife and fwallow them; and 
hence obfervant man was firfl taught the artifice of fly¬ 
fishing. 'though all fl ies are baits, yet the following Teem 
principally to be regarded by anglers ; which we Shall 
therefore deferibe in their own language. 
r. The red Jly. —This prefents itfeif about the middle 
of February, and continues till the end of March ; and is 
probably a fpecies of chermes. Its wings are made arti¬ 
ficially, of a dark drake’s feather ; the body of .the red part 
of fquirrel’s fur, with the red hackle or neck-feather of a 
cock. This fly has four wings, and generally flutters 
upon the furface of the water, which tempts the fifli, and 
makes them take it eagerly. The (ize of the hook to 
make this fly artificially, is No. 6. 
2. The blue dun Jly .—This fucceeds the preceding about 
the beginning of March, and continues till the middle of 
April. Its wings are made artificially of a feather out of 
the darling’s wing, or the blue feathers that grow under 
the wing of a duck ; the body is made of the grey fur of 
a fox, or the grey part of a "fquirrel’s fur, mixed witli a 
Vol. VII. No. 438. 
KING. 
little yellow mohair, and a bluifh cock’s hackle wrapped 
over the body. As it fwims down the water, its wings 
ufually Hand loofe on its back : probably a fpecies of 
chermes. It appears on the water about ten o’clock in 
the forenoon, and continues till about three in the after¬ 
noon. Your morning’s fifhing, till the flies come on, 
fliould be with the worm or minnow ; the fize of the 
hook this fly is made on artificially, is No. 7. 
3. The brown Jly, or dun drake. —This conies on about 
the middle of March, and continues till the latter end of 
April. Its wings are made artificially of the feather of 
a pheafant’s wing, which is full of fine fhade, and exactly 
refembles the wing of the fly ; the body is covered with 
the bright part of hare’s fur, mixed with a little of the 
red part of fquirrel’s fur, ribbed with yellow filk, and a 
partridge’s hackle or neck feather wrapt over twice or 
thrice under the wings. As it fwims down the water, its 
wings fland upright upon its back ; in which form the 
artificial fly mu ft be made. It comes upon the water 
about eleven o’clock, and continues till two, appearing 
on the water in great quantities; particularly in gloomy 
days. It is a fpecies of pliryganea: and fhould be made 
on the hook No. 6. 
4. The granam Jly, or green-tail. —This appears about 
the beginning of April, if the weather is warm, being a 
very tender fly, and cannot long endure the cold. They 
appear on the water in great quantities, in bright morn¬ 
ings : you may begin to fifli with them from fix o’clock in 
the morning till eleven ; then you will find the browns or 
duns come on, which you are then to ufe in preference, 
till five or fix in the evening, when the greens are to be 
ufed again. It is a fpecies of pliryganea, carrying its eggs 
in a bunch at the extremity of the abdomen, and of a 
green colour, which gives it the fifher’s name of the 
green-tail fly. It is of Ihort duration, not lading above 
a week, and then totally difappears for that feafon. The 
wings are made artificially from a feather out of the wing 
of a partridge or pheafant, which is fiiaded like the wing 
of the fly ; the body of the fur from a hare’s face or 
ear, and a grizzled hackle of a cock wrapt under the 
wings; upon the hook No. 8. 
5. The fpider Jly. —This Comes on about the 20th of 
April, if the weather be warm, and continues about a 
fortnight: they are bred in beds of gravel by the water- 
fide, where they emerge from their pupa date, and play 
on the water. It is a fpecies of tipula. You may fifli 
with it from fun-rife till fun-let. The wings are made 
artificially from a fine woodcock’s feather; the body of 
lead-coloured filk, with a black cock’s hackle or neck- 
feather wrapt twice or thrice under the wings, on the 
hook No. 8 or 9. 
6. The black caterpillar Jly. —This appears at the be¬ 
ginning of May, and continues about a fortnight, and is 
to be filhed with after hot funny mornings ; if winds and 
clouds appear, they then grow weak for want of the fun, 
and fall upon the grafs and waters. It is a fpecies of ten- 
thredo. The wings are made from a feather out of a jay’s 
wing, the body of an oflrich feather, and a black cock’s 
hackle wrapt over the body, upon the hook No. 7. 
7. The iron-blue jly.— This comes about the 7th of 
May, and continues till the middle of June'. As, it fwims 
down the water, its wings fland erect on its back ; it is 
to be fifhed with from eleven in the forenoon till three in 
the afternoon. It is a fpecies of libellula. The wings 
are made artificially from a cormorant’s feather that grows 
under the wing, or off the feather of a dark-blue hen 
pulled from under the wings ; the body is made of rat’s 
fur, ribbed with yellow filk, and a footy blue hackle of a 
cock, wrapt over the body, upon the hook No. 8 or 9. 
8. The yellow J'ally jly. —This appears about the 20th 
of May, and continues till the middle of June. It has 
four wings which lie flat on its back. It is a fpecies of 
hemerobius. The wings are made artificially with a yel¬ 
low cock’s hackle, and the body of marten’s fur, taken 
5 P. from 
