F I S 
F I S 
fink them to the bottom; when they will gradually break 
and fpread about, and entice the fifh to (top there after 
being drawn together : this bait is made with wheat bran, 
a little fweet coarfe flour fufficient to bind the bran, and 
fcalding water. Bait your hook with falmon’s roe, or a 
finall piece of red pafte, in imitation of it, as mentioned 
before for the chub. Keep a (harp eye on the float; 
firike at the lead nibble ; and when you hook a fifh, if it 
be large give him play ; for they are ftrong, and druggie 
much. They are alio to be taken in warm weather with 
a caddis or natural fly under water, and an artificial fly at 
top, particularly in warm clofe evenings a little before 
fun-fet, till near dark. They will, however, take many 
other baits, particularly thofe mentioned for chub. In 
mild cloudy weather they will bite all day ; in hot, morn-- 
ing and evening ; and in cold, in the middle of the day. 
The Dace. —This fifh is very fimilar to the roach. 
They alfo haunt the fame places; though they are fre¬ 
quently found in the ftronger parts of the water, and may 
be feen in flioals on the (hallows in the warm months. 
They are to be angled for in the fame way as for roach ; 
for they mix together, and take indifcriminateiy the fame 
baits. 
The Bleak. —This little fifh is faid to afford confide- 
rable amufement to the young angler. The fill) is fweet 
and pleafant, and would be in more efleem if it were 
larger. They are very reftlefs, generally moving from 
place to place, their haunts being fometimes in deep dill 
water, and at the Tides and tails of dreams, where the 
water (helves off, and takes a gentle turn back again ; at 
others, in the dreams, which may be obferved by their 
fwimming near the furface, and their very active manner 
of taking and diverting themfelves with fmall flies and 
infefts. When you angle purpofely for b' ea k> yo'ur 
tackle mud be very fine, with four or five fmall hooks a 
little above each other, fwimming by the afliflance of a 
fmall quiil-float a little deeper than mid-water, and baited 
with different baits, fuch as earth-worms, fmall caddis, 
houfe-fly, or any fly that you obferve them feed upon, 
throwing in now and then a fmall handful of malt 
grains, or a little chewed bread, to keep them together. 
The Minnow. —This is one of the fmalled of fiflies. 
It is delicate food, but is chiefly ufed only for bait for the 
larger fifties. They are ufually full of [pawn all the 
fummer, and being great breeders, are very good to ftore 
ponds as food for trout, perch, Sec. 
The Loach. —This is a very fmall (limy fifh, without 
feales, and of rather a longifh make. It is of a very plea¬ 
fant tafte, and is recommended to fick perfons as being 
very nourifhing. The loach is found by the Tides of 
dreams, and in rivulets, among the gravel, or where there 
is a little (light mud and gravel together, with weeds; 
and is to be taken with a very fmall earth-worm. This 
fifli is a good bait for others, particularly for eels. 
The Bull-head, or Miller’s-thumb. —This is an 
unfightly fifh to look at, having a large broad head, not 
much unlike that of a toad, and very difproportioned to 
his body, which is quite fmall. The larged of them are 
faid to be excellent eating; but they are chiefly ufed as 
baits for the larger filh. 
The Stickleback. —This is a very fmall prickly fifh, 
which ferve only as baits, with the prickles cut off; then 
they are as good as the minnow, or better for the perch, 
in pond fifiling. 
For the natural hidory, and correCt engravings, of all 
thefe filhes, fee under their generic names in this work : 
and for the fcientific arrangement of all the genera of fifli, 
mode of generation, &c. fee the article Ichthyology. 
In China, as we are told by fir George Staunton, fifli- 
ing is conducted with the greateft eafe and fuccefs, by 
means of aquatic birds taken young from the ned, and 
trained for that purpofe. “ Boats and rafts (dt^s iir 
George) are purpofely condrutted for this fpecies of 
fiihery. On each boat dand ten or a dozen birds, which 
at a (ignal from the owner, plunge into the water; and it 
VOL. VII. No. 438. 
4':o 
is adonifhing to fee the enormous fize of the filh which 
thefe birds bring up. They appeared to. be fo well 
trained, that it did not require either ring or cord u!}out 
their throats, to prevent them from fwallowing any por¬ 
tion of their prey, except what the mailer was pleafed to 
return to them for encouragement and food. The boat 
ufed for this mode of filhing is remarkably light, and is 
carried on the fiiculder to the lakes, together with the 
filhing birds, by thole who gain a livelihood by this em¬ 
ployment.” The birds chiefly trained to this fport are 
grebes, guillemots, and divers, for which fee the article 
Co L YM BUS, vol. iv. p . 8 38 . 
With refpedt to the Tight and property of filhing, it lias 
been held, that where the lord of the manor hath the 
foil on both Tides the river, it is a good evidence that he 
hath the right of filhing, and it puts the proof upon him 
who claims a free fiihery; but where a river ebbs and 
flows, and is an arm of the fea, there it is common to all, 
and he who claims a privilege to himfelf mult prove it ; 
for if trefpafs is brought for filhing there, the defendant 
may jufrify that the place is an arm of the fea, in which 
every fubjeft of our lord the king hath and ought to 
have free fiihery.—In the Severn, the foil belongs to the 
owners of the land on each fide ; and the foil of the river 
Thames is in the king, &c. but the filhing is common to 
all. 1 Mod. 105. He who is owner of the foil of a private 
river, hath a feparate or feveral fiihery ; and he that hath 
free-nlhery hath a property in the filh, and may bring a 
potTeffory adlion for them ; but communis pifoaria is like 
the cafe of all other commons. 2 Salk. 637. 
There are three forts of filheries or pifearies. Free 
fiihery ; feveral or feparate fiihery ; and common of pif- 
cary.—Common of pifeary is a liberty of .filhing in ano¬ 
ther man’s water. 2 Comm. 34. See vol. iv. p.856. A 
free fiihery, or exclufive right of filhing in a public river, 
is a royal franchife : this differs from a feveral fiihery, 
becaufe he that has a feveral fiihery muff alfo be (or at 
lead derive his right from) the owner of the foil. It dif¬ 
fers alfo from a common of pifeary, in that the free fiihery 
is an exclufive right, the common of pifeary is not fo ; 
and therefore in a free fiihery a man has property in the 
filh before they are caught: in a common of pifeary, not 
till taken. 2 Comm. 39. As to a free fiihery, no new fran¬ 
chife can at prefent be granted of it, by the exprefs pro- 
vilion of Magna Charta, c.-iS; and the franchife mall be 
at lead as old as the reign of Hen. II. 2 Comm. 417. One 
that has a clofe pend in which there are fifli, may call 
them pifees fuos in an indictment, &c. But he cannot call 
them as bona & catalta , if they be not in trunks. There 
needs no privilege to make a filhpond ; as theie doth in 
cafe of a warren. Mod.Ca. 183. 
[The following articles were omitted in pp. 404 and 419. 
FISH'BLOCK, J. a fea term ; the block which draws 
up the flocks of the anchor to the brow of the Ihip. 
FISH'GARTH, f. [from fifh , and geajvch, Sax. a 
fence.] A dam or weir in a river, made for the taking 
of fifli; particularly thofe ereCted in the Oufe and Humber. 
FISH'GIG, J'. a fea term ; an indrument to drike fifli 
at fea. 
FISH'GUARD, a town of Pembrokefhire, in South 
Wales, fituated on a deep cliff on the lea-lhore, 254 miles 
from London, fix from Newport, and lixteen from Cardi¬ 
gan, at the influx of the river Gwaine into the fea, which 
here forms a fpacious bay, where velfels may lie fafely in 
five or fix fathoms water. The inhabitants have a good 
trade in herrings, and cure, between Filhguard and New¬ 
port, above a thoufand barrels annually. Here are about 
fifty' (loops or velfels from 20 to 120 tons,' employed in 
tiie butter, corn, and flate, trade. The market is on 
Fridays for all kinds of meat, fowls, butter, cheefe, com, 
cloth," flannel, See. Great quantities of wheat from this 
market are Carried into Cardiganlhire. Here are four an¬ 
nual fairs for horned cattle, horfes, Iheep, pigs, Sec. 
On the 22d of February, 1797, Tome French frigates 
and a lugger entered the Bridoi Channel, and landed a 
5 R body 
