434 F I T 
fe-Ke of lord Tyrconnel. He-was at the fiege of Lon- 
derry, and battle of the Boyne ; and when all was loft in 
that country, he returned, and ferved in the armies of 
Louis XIV. That king made, him a lieutenant-general 
in 1693; and he diftinguifhed himfelf in various actions 
in Flanders during many fubfequent -campaigns. At the 
battle of Nerwinden he was taken prifoner, and exchanged 
againft the duke of Ormond. In 1703, he was appointed 
commander in chief of the troops lent into Spain to„the 
afliftance of Philip V. That court was the feat of in¬ 
trigues of different parties, which all attempted to gain 
him. He united with none of them, but attended folely 
to the interefls of the monarchy ; and in a Angle cam¬ 
paign he reduced a number of important places. Recalled 
to France for reafons of (late, he was employed in 1705 
to quell the fanatical revolters in the Cevennes. By vi¬ 
gorous and fevere meafures he reflored tranquillity in that 
didrift within fix months, and then marched to the fiege 
of Nice, which he took. The ftaff of marfhal of France, 
conferred in 1706, was the reward of his fuccefs. He 
returned to the command in Spain, and fignalifed his mili¬ 
tary fkill by a campaign in which, without fighting a bat¬ 
tle, he obliged the enemy to evacuate Cadille. The 
campaign of 1707 was rendered more brilliant by the vic¬ 
tory of Almanza, in which the Englilh and their allies, 
commanded by lord Galloway, met with a total defeat. 
On this occafion the duke of Berwick was rewarded with 
the dukedoms of Liria and Xerica in Valentia, the rank 
of a grandee of Spain of the fir ft clafs, and the order of 
the golden fleece. He afterwards aflifted in the redu6tion 
of Valentia and Arragon ; and being then recalled by 
Louis XIV. he was intruded with the army on the Rhine, 
oppofed to that of the empire. He commanded in Dau- 
phine in 1710, 11, and 12 ; where, with admirable (kill, 
he foiled all fhe attempts of the duke of Savoy, with a 
fuperior army, to break into France. In the fird of thefe 
years he was created a duke and peer of France, by the 
title of Fitz-James. He was next Cent into Catalonia, and 
in 1714 he put an end to the refidance to king Philip by 
the capture of Barcelona. When the fluftuating politics 
of the time had made France the enemy of Spain, in 1719, 
he obeyed his military duty in taking the command of an 
army dellined to invade the latter country, though at¬ 
tached to it by the highed honours, and he made himfelf 
mader of Fontarabiu and St. Sebadian. He was after¬ 
wards commander in chief of the troops in the fouth- 
wedern provinces of France, and was decorated with the 
order of the Holy Ghoft. In 1730, he was made gover- 
'nor of Strafburg. When the war was renewed between 
the empire and France, he was appointed general of the 
• French army in Germany; and in 1734 undertook the 
fiege of Philipfbnrgh. Before that place he was killed 
by a cannon-diot on June 12, at the age of fixty-three. 
He left one fon by his fird wife, w ho became duke of 
Liria in Spain ; and a large family by the fecond, the 
elded of whom was duke of Fitz-James in France. The 
peculiar talent of this great general was defenlive war; 
and precil'ely in his (teps trod the truly celebrated Ame¬ 
rican general, Wadiington. Some of his campaigns of 
this kind are judged to be mader-pieces in the art. His 
natural temper appeared fuitable to this dedination ; it 
was cold, referved, and moderately audere. He had no¬ 
thing brilliant in his charafter, but by his caution and 
. good fenfe was preferved from the midakes fo often com¬ 
mitted by perfons of the oppofite call of mind. .He was 
a man of principle; fincere, upright, and difintereded, 
laudably attached to religion, without the weakneffes of 
his father. He made few profellions.of friendflfip, but no 
man performed more Cervices to his friends. He was u'n- 
odentatious.and frugal in his. own expences, but the obli¬ 
gation he thought himfelf under to aflift the numerous 
exiles who followed the fortunes of his family, kept him 
in ftraitened circumftances. He avoided all intrigues, 
and never fpoke ill of any one ; his pra£tice was, when 
he thought himfelf ill-ufed, to go direftly to theinfulting 
F I X 
perfon, and tell him his mind ; after which he faid no 
more. He edimated his own merit with modedy, but 
with judnefs ; and fuch was the general opinion of him, 
that his death was regarded by the French as a public 
calamity. 
FITZSTE'PHEN (William), a learned Englifli monk 
in the twelfth century, defcended from a Norman family, 
and was born in London. By hislearning and abilities he 
recommended himfelf to the notice of Thomas Becket, 
archbifhop of Canterbury, who became his patron, and 
admitted him to habits of intimacy and frienddiip. To 
that prelate he fteadily adhered through his different re- 
verfes of fortune, and attended carefully upon him during 
his exile. After the murder of Becket, he (hewed his 
regard for his memory by drawing up a well-written life 
of that prelate, in the Latin language, which made its 
appearance 1174. The introductory part of it is an object 
of curiofity, as it contains a defcription of the city of Lon¬ 
don, and a detail of the manners and cudoms of the inha¬ 
bitants in the author’s time. It is the earlied account of 
London extant, and may be met with at the end of Stowe’s 
Survey of the Cities of London and Wedminfter. Fitz- 
ftephen died in the year 1191. 
rITZWIL'LI AM, a towndiip of the American States, 
in Chediire county, New Hampdiire : fixteen miles eaft 
ot Connefticut river, and feparated from Royaldon in 
Worceder county, Maffachuffetts, by the State line. It 
was incorporated in 1773, and contains 1038 inhabitants* 
FIVE, adj. [pip, Sax.] Four and one ; half of ten.— 
No perfon, no incident, but mud be of life to carry on the 
main defign : all things elfe are like fix fingers to the 
hand, when nature, which is fuperfluous in nothing, can 
do her work with jive. Dryden. 
FIVE HORSES HEADS, a chain of rocks fituated 
near the ferry of Suytjeen in China, as much dreaded as 
Scylla and Cliarybdis were of old, for tile frequent fliip- 
wrecks near them. They are of a columnar form, and 
appear as if placed in order by human art. 
FIVE ISLAND HARBOUR, a bay on the wed coaft 
of the idand of Antigua. Lat. 3 7. 13. N. Ion. 61. 35. W. 
Greenwich. 
FTVEFOLD, adj. Five in one.—And bids his men 
bring out the jivefold twift. W. Browne .—Multiplied by 
five ; repeated five times. 
FI'VEFOLD, adv. [from the adj. ] So as to amount to 
five times as much. 
Fl'VEL, a river of the Unite-d Dutch States, which 
runs into the Ems, near Delfzyl ; it gives name to a final! 
country on its banks, between Groningen and the mouth 
of the Ems; containing twenty-five fmall towns and vil¬ 
lages. 
FI'VELEAVED GRASS, f. Cinquefoil; a fpecies 
of clover. 
FIVES, f. A kind of play with a ball, (truck by the 
hand, or with a battledore, againd a wall. 
FIUMA'RA DI MURO, a town of Italy, in the pro¬ 
vince of Calabria Ultra : eight miles north of Reggio. 
FIUMAREL'LA (La), a river of Italy, in the king¬ 
dom of Naples, which runs into the Gulf of Squillace-s 
two miles fouth of Cantazaro. 
FlU'ME. See St. Veit, 
FIU'ME FRED'DO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom 
of Naples, and province of Calabria Citra : eleven miles 
wed-fouth-wed of Cofenza. 
To FIX, v. a. \_f.xer, Fr. fxus, Lat.] To make fad, 
firm, or duble .- 
Hell heard th’ unfufferable noife, hell faw 
Heav’n ruining from heav’n, and would have fled 
Affrighted, but tharfate had fix'd too deep 
Her dark foundations, and too fad had bound. Milton. 
To fettle; to edablidi invariably.—When cuffom hath 
fixed our eating to certain dated periods, the ftomach will 
expert victuals at the ufual hour. Locke, 
Brighusft 
