440 
FLA 
Hell all around 
As one great furnace flam'd. Milton. 
To Ihine like flame : 
Behold it like an ample Curtain fpread, 
Now ftreak’d and glowing with the morning red ; 
Anon at noon in flaming yellow bright, 
And chufing fable for the peaceful night. Ptior. 
Sir Ifaac Newton defines flame as only red-hot fmoke, 
or the vapour of any fubltance railed from it by fire, and 
heated to fuch a degree as to emit light copioully. Is 
not flame, fays he, a vapour, fume, or exhalation, heated 
red-hot; that is, fo hot as to Ihine? For bodies do not 
flame without emitting a copious fume; and this fume 
burns in the flame. The ignis fatuus is a vapour fhining 
without heat; and is there not the fame difference be¬ 
tween this vapour and flame, as between rotten wood 
fhining without heat, and burning coals of fire ? In dif- 
tilling hot fpirits, if the head of the Hill be taken otF, the 
vapour which afcends will take fire at the flame of a 
candle, and turn into flame. Some bodies, heated by 
motion or fermentation, if the heat grow intenfe, fume 
copioufly ; and if the lieat be great enough, the fumes 
will fhine, and become flame. Metals in fufion do not 
flame, for want of a copious fume. All flaming bodies, 
as oil, tallow, wax, wood, foflil coal, pitch, fulphur, &c. 
by burning, wafte in fmoke, which at firft is lucid; but 
at a little difrance from the body ceafes to be fo, and only 
continues hot. When the flame is put out, the fmoke is 
thick, and frequently fmells ftrongly : but in the flame it 
lofes its fmell; and, according to the nature of the fuel, 
the flame is of divers colours. That of fulphur and fpi- 
rit of wine is blue ; that of copper opened with fublimate, 
green; that of tallow, yellow ; of camphire, white; &c. 
See Newton’s Optics, p.318. 
FLA'ME-COLOUR, f. The colour of flame.—The 
firft was Splendour, in a robe of flame-colour. B. Jonfcn. 
FLA'ME-COLOURED, adj. Of a reddifti yellow co¬ 
lour.—Auguft fhall bear the form of a young man of a 
fierce and choleric afpeCt, in a flame-coloured garment. 
Peacham. 
FLA'MEL (Nicholas), a citizen of Paris towards the 
dole of ll>e fourteenth century, whofe memory is deferv- 
edly held in refpeCt on account of his numerous benefi¬ 
cent aCtions and charitable foundations. He was a native 
of Pontoife, and exercifed the profeflion of a notary at 
Paris. He commenceddife with little or no fortune, but 
in a fhort time was enabled to accumulate vaft property ; 
which he did not devote to purpofes of oftentation, or 
luxury, but to the'relief of the diftrelfed and unfortu¬ 
nate, the building and endowment of numerous hofpitals 
and churches, and other humane and ufeful objects. The 
ignorance of the times led the multitude to afcribe his 
vaft wealth to his luccefs in the ftudy of alchemy ; and, 
after his death, difcoveries were pretended to have been 
made of the apparatus which he had ufed. In the Varie¬ 
ties of Literature, publifhed In 1795, the curious Englilh 
reader may find an amufing detail of particulars on this 
fubjeCt. Naude, and others, attribute his fortune to the 
ptlrchafe which he made of the.debtsdue to the Jews, 
who were fuddenly expelled from France in 1394, at half 
their real value. Mr. St. Foix, however, in the firft vo¬ 
lume of his EJfais far Paris, has afligned valid reafons for 
rejecting their hypothefis. It is molt probable that he 
was indebted for his riches to commerce, and his fuc- 
cefsful fpeculations, at a time when the Parilians were 
but lit'tle Cjjnverfant in trade. Two works have been 
attributed to him, one entitled, A Philofophical Sum¬ 
mary, in verfe, publilhed in 1561, 8vo. and the other, 
A Treatife on the Tranfmutation of Metals, publilhed 
in 1628, 8vo. 
FLA'MEN.yi [Latin.] Aprieft; one that officiates 
in folemn offices : 
Then firft the flamtn tailed living food ; 
Next his grim idol fmear’d with human blood. Pope. 
FLA 
This order of priefis was inftituted at Rome by Nutria,' 
They were originally only three, viz. the Flamen Dialis , 
Flainen Martialis , and Flamen Ouirinalis. The Flymen Dialis 
was facred to Jupiter, and a perfon of the high fell confe- 
quence and authority in the date. The Flamen Martialis 
was facred to Mars, and was ordained to in.fpeCt the rites 
of that god. The Flamen Quirinulis was facred to, and 
fuperintended the rites of, Q^iirinus Rpmulus. All three 
were chcfen by the people, and confecrated by the Pon- 
tifex Maximus. In after-times feyeial prieftt of the fame 
order and name were added to them, but inferior in power. 
The whole number at laft amounted to fifteen : the three 
firft of whom were fenators, and called. Flamines majores; 
the other twelve, taken from aritong the people, being 
denominated plamints minores. The greater Flamines wore 
the robe edged with purple, like the great magiftrates; 
had an ivory chair, and a feat in the fen'ate. 
FLA'MINGLY, adv. Warmly; ardently; notorioufly. 
FLA'MINGO, f. in ornithology. See the generic 
name Fhoenicofterus. 
FLAMIN'IO (Gianantonio), an Italian writer of con- 
fiderable eminence, born in 1464, at Imola, His father’s 
name was Lodovico Zarabbini di Cotignola; and it was 
upon becoming a member of the Venetian academy, that 
the foil alfumed the name of Flaminio, which was after¬ 
wards that of the family. After receiving a literary edu¬ 
cation, he was engaged, at the age of tiventy-one, as pro- 
feffor of the belles-lettres at Serravalle, in the diocefe of 
Trcvigi. His reputation drew a confluence of young men 
of rank to ftudy under him. Among thefe was the Ton of 
a Bolognefe patrician, named Fantuzzi, who, in 1520, 
induced Flaminio to remove to Bologna. He there con<- 
tinued to devote himfelf to the inftruction of youth, uni- 
verfally efteemed, not only for his erudition, but for the 
fvveetnefs of his difpofition, and purity of his morals, till 
his death, in 1536. He publilhed a variety of works in 
verfe and profe. His Latin poems confift of three bocks 
of mifcellanies, and two of epigrams. His twelve books 
of Epiftles were publilhed, with a life of the author, in 
1744, 8vo. Bologn. by Fr. Capponi. There are, befides, 
of his compofition, fome lives of faints of the order of 
St. Dominic, a dialogue on education, a treatife on the 
origin of philofophy, a Latin grammar, and other pieces. 
FLAMIN'IO (Marcantonio), fon of the preceding, 
born at Serravalle, in 1498. He was educated with great 
care by bis father, with whom he refided till his fixteenlh 
year ; when his father, wiftiing to prefent fome of his own 
poems to pope Leo X. was led to choofe him for the mef- 
fenger. He was directed at the fame time to offer a col¬ 
lection of claffical annotations compofed by himfelf. That 
pontiff, conformably to his character of a lover and patron 
of learning, gave a gracious reception to this accomplifhed 
youth ; and in order to put his talents to the proof, caufed 
him to difpute on certain queftions in prefence of many 
cardinals, when he acquitted himfelf fo as to infpire yr.i- 
verfal admiration. His father, who had intended that he 
fnould return to him after a fhort abfence, now thought 
it belt to let him pufh bis fortune. Marcantonio took a 
journey to Naples, where he had the gratification of fee¬ 
ing the celebrated Sannazario. In 1315, he accompanied 
the count Baldaffar Caftiglione to Urbino, and was very 
affectionately entertained by him at his houfe. He repaid 
his'kindnefs by a Latin eclogue, which, with fome others 
of his poems, was printed in that year at Fano. The ele¬ 
gance of thefe compofitions was wonderful in a youth of 
feventeen. His father wifely removed him from the feats 
of pleafure and admiration to the purfuit.of feverer ftu- 
dies at Bologna. It was not very long, however, before 
he revifited Rome; and he was redding there in 1523 
with the prothonotary Sauli. Him he accompanied to 
Genoa, where he was one of a fociety ot learned men who 
formed an academy. He next palled into the fervice of 
the datary Giberti, with whom he refided firft at Padua, 
and then for fome years at Verona. His munificent patron 
made him a prefent of a farm, delicioufly fituated on the 
bank 
