F O G 
532 FOG 
firft alter its purity, being intimately connected with it; 
but- they neverthelefs exifted, and produced in itshigheft 
regions the multiplied halos, parafelena, and parhelia, ob¬ 
ferved there that year. The heat increaling, and the earth 
continuing to furnilh exhalations in proportion to the pre¬ 
ceding humidity, thefe were communicated to the atmo¬ 
fphere in a manner almoft infenftble : but the atmofphere 
being- at length faturated, thefe exhalations underwent 
new decompofitions: dorms were formed, the atmofphere 
was cooled, and'fufFered toefcape a part of thefe exhala¬ 
tions, which fell again towards the earth, and in one day 
Europe was covered with a dry fog. The fame tog, I 
prefume, took place in America, where there had been 
great complaint of drought for eight years. It was not 
ieen in the open fea, becaufe it was abforbed by the water: 
for-this reafon it did not appear in countries where the 
Iky was overfpread with clouds. Local circumftances, in 
regard to moifture, winds, and clouds, thus exempted 
certain places from it for fome time. The earth, how¬ 
ever, continuing to furnilh exhalations, and thefe being 
united to thofe which the atmofphere, as we may fay, had 
deposited, defcending and afcending thunder were feen 
alternately, till the exhalations of the earth and the atmo¬ 
fphere were confumed. The atmofphere being gradually 
puritied, and the fource of the exhalations exhaufted, the 
earth ceafed to be convulfed.’ 5 
M. Toaldo has fubjoined a fort of chronicle of the pe¬ 
riods when the fun was feen obfcured by fogs ; which will 
ferve to banifh every thing marvellous in regard to the 
fog of 1783 ; and to fhew that nothing happened which 
had not happened formerly, and even attended with more 
alarming circumftances. 
In the year of Rome 291, the fun was darkened ; a 
comet appeared with fire in the heavens (that is to fay, 
an Aurora borealis). —In 542 of Rome, the fun appeared 
redder than ufual, being of a blood colour.—In 354 of 
Rome, in the kingdom of Naples, the weather being fe- 
rene, the fun appeared of a blood colour, and the heavens 
as if on fire, (thatis to fay, -An Aurora borealis.) —In 710 of 
Rome, among the prodigies obferved during the year of 
Cas far’s death, is reckoned that of the fun being darkened, 
and appearing red: 
Cum caput obfcurd nitidumfcrrugine texit , 
Impiaque aternam timuerantfacula noElem. 
Julius Obfequens relates at more length the prodigies 
which appeared ; particularly torches feen in the heavens, 
and crowns furrounding the fun, which for feveral months 
feemed to emit only a pale feeble light: people, there¬ 
fore, could look at his difk. 
In the year 264, of the Chriftian era, a great earthquake 
happened, with darknefs for feveral days, according to 
Friftchio.—In 396, at Conftantinople, there were fuch 
extraordinary dorms, that the earth fhook, while the hea¬ 
vens feeme i on fire. At that period people expected the 
end of the world.—In 790, and in 798, for feventeen days 
the heavens afforded no light. This phenomenon was 
preceded by earthquakes in Candia and Sicily. Colie£ 1 . 
Acad. dcLancil. Frijlchio. —In 937, the heavens being fe- 
rene, the fun was darkened ; and his rays, paffing through 
the windows, feemed bloody. — In 1020, the moon ap¬ 
peared of the colour of blood, and flames fell from the 
heavens like a tower, (that is to fay, a confiderable thun¬ 
derbolt, or globe of fire like a carcufs or bomb full of gre¬ 
nades, fuch as if; faid to have been obferved in 1783, at 
the cathedral of Liege.) See the article Fire-Ball, p. 
38 j, of this volume. According to hiftory there were 
other cataftrophes : the fea left its bed, and inundated fe¬ 
veral places in the neighbourhood. The fame thing hap¬ 
pened during the hurricane of March 11th, in 17S3. — In 
1104, the fun and moon in diforder were obfcured or 
darkened feveral times ; there were feen falling ftars, 
flaming fires, fiery meteors, lightnings, hail ; typhous 
and hurricanes took place, which overturned churches 
and houfes j deftroyed men, cattle, and plants} and occa- 
fioned great devafiation in the fields. Such happened 
during the great fog in 1783.—In 1154, on the ift of Oc¬ 
tober, the fky, being ferene, appeared all of a fudden 
quite darkened.—In 1206, people imagined that they faw- 
in the heavens a human head ; and the following year, in 
Germany, tire fun feemed divided into three parts. Si¬ 
milar phenomena may eafily deceive the imagination of 
men, which is generally confufed during fuch events, as 
was the cafe in 1783.—In 1227, an earthquake and comet 
—the fun of the colour of blood.—In 1263, the fun dark¬ 
ened, without any clouds, in fuch a manner as not to give 
any light.—In 1383, an earthquake in Swifferland ; and a 
large circle afterwards around the fun for feveral days.— 
In 1549, there appeared in the afternoon, for three days 
in April, a globe all on fire. It is even faid, that armies 
were feen fighting in the heavens, and two lions engaged : 
—nothing more than the fportings of the light of an Au~ 
rora borealis. 
FOG ,J. [ fogagium , low Lat. Grcnncn in forejla regislo- 
catur proi ogagio. Legesforejl. Scoticee. ] Aftergrafs ; grafs 
which grows in autumn after the hay is mown—The 
ufual fenfe is, long grafs remaining in pafture till winter. 
Ray's North Country Words. 
FOGA'RAS, a town of Tranftlvania, on the Alauta, 
the fee of a Greek bifliop : twenty-eight miles weft of 
Cronftadt, and twenty-fix north-eaft of Hermanftadt. 
FO'GEDAR. See Fouzdar. 
FOG'GIA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and province of Capitanata ; this town is the ftaple for 
all the wool in the country, and the price is fixed by the 
magiftrates: fifteen miles fouth-weft of Manfredonia, 
and forty-two north-eaft of Benevenlo. 
FOG'GILY, adv. Miftily ; darkly; cloudily. 
FOG'GINESS, f. The ftate of being dark or mifty; 
cloudinefs; miftinefs. 
FOG'GY, adj. Mifty ; cloudy; dark; full of moift 
vapours.—About Michaelmas, the weather fair, and by 
no means foggy , retire your rareft plants. Evelyn. —Cloudy 
in underftanding ; dull. 
FOG'GY I'SLAND, an ifland in the North Pacific 
Ocean, near the weft coaft of America,- about nine leagues 
in circumference. Lat. 56. 10. N. Ion. 202. 43. E. Green¬ 
wich. 
FO'GLIA, a river of Italy, in the ftate of the Church, 
which runs into the Adriatic, at Pefaro. 
FOGLIANE'SE, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Principato Ultra: feven miles 
weft of Benevento. 
FOGLIA'NO, a lake of Italy, in the ftate of the 
Church, and province of Romania, on the fea coaft, near 
the Pontine Marflt ; to the weft it communicates with the 
fea, and to the e3ft with the lake of Soreffa. 
F'OGLIET'TA (Uberto), a learned hiftorian and ora¬ 
tor, defcended from an ancient and noble family in Genoa, 
where he was born, in 1518. He was brought up to the 
ftudy of the law, which he purfued at Perugia; but cer¬ 
tain circumftances rendered his condition unfettled, and 
eaufed his youth to pafs in various travels and changes of 
fituation. He appears to have refided much at Rome, 
where he made himfelf known and efteemed by feveral 
elegant treatifes and orations in Latin. From two of the 
latter, held in the conclaves at the election of Popes Mar- 
cellus II. and Paul IV. it is conjetlured he muft have 
been in prieft’s orders. He-was probably at Rome when 
he publiflied, in 1539, two books, Della Repablica di Ge¬ 
nova \ in which he cenfured with fo much freedom the 
excels of power and the abufes of it among the nobles, 
that he was proceeded againft as a rebel, and underwent 
a fentence of banifhme. t, with confifcation of property. 
He found, however, a munificent patron in cardinal Hip- 
polito d’Efte, who received him into his houfe upon terms 
of intimate friendfhip. He was alfo favoured by other 
men of rank, and he appears to have accompanied cardi¬ 
nal Pafqua, a Genoefe, to the council of Trent. In order 
to divert the chagrin infpired by his exile, he undertook 
