596 
F O R T I F I 
the merlon, which is to be picketed down, and the hol¬ 
lows filled with earth, as before directed. Let other 
floors be raifed in like manner, until th€ merlons are 
carried up about fix feet, or mere if necelfary ; and on the 
top of each let a bed or floor of earth .be laid about a foot 
thick. Acrofs the top of the inner opening of the era- 
brafure, lay a bundle of ten or twelve fafeines bound to¬ 
gether, or as many fhifFed into a kind of bafket open at 
both ends, and the bundle well flaked to the merlons. 
Provide a fbutter or blind made of planks four inches 
thick, to fit the inner opening of the embrafure, which is 
to be put up while the gunners are loading the piece, to 
pref rve them from the fire of the mufketry. ,The cheeks 
or (ides of the embral'ures are to Hope, fo as to have the 
top wider than the bottom; which not only leaves a 
greater opening for the blaft of the gun, but thefe dopes, 
in works of this kind, give a greater degree of flrength to 
fupport themfelves againfl the bearing of the upper parts. 
To construct the Platforms. — Againfl each em¬ 
brafure lay on the ground five pieces of timbers, called 
Jleepers, about eighteen feet long, and eight inches fquare ; 
let (lie ends next the embrafure be placed at fuch a dif- 
tance from one another, that the diftance from out to out 
be about fix feet, the other ends fpreading about twelve 
or fourteen feet from out to out; drive two flakes about 
three incites fquare into the ground on both (ides of each 
end of every fleeper, by which they will be kept fteady 
in their places, and let the earth be well rammed clofe 
lip to them: and let the tails of the fleepers be raifed 
about eight inches higher than the ends next the wall, to 
prevent the cannon from recoiling too much when fired. 
Cover the fleepers with planks about two inches thick 
laid cr'ofs-wife; that next the embrafures being about 
eight feet long; the reft gradually increafing, fo that the 
plank at the tail be about fourteen feet long; and let the 
planks be firmly nailed to the fleepers. On this floor fix 
a piece of timber about eight inches fquare next the em¬ 
brafure, to ferve as a fpur for the carriage-wheels to knock 
againfl, (which is therefore ufually called the knocker,) 
when the gun is run up to the wall; obferving that the 
fpur be laid parallel to the objeft to be battered. The 
whole platform (hould be of oak, if it can be had. If 
there is any danger of the battery’s being raked by the 
enemy’s cannon, let an epaulement or fereen be raifed at one 
or both ends of the parapet, joining to it, and conflrudted 
by floors of fafeines, laid as before directed : then all the 
draggling twigs of the fafeines being cut off, the battery 
is completed. A battery thus made is adopted in cafe 
of hade, and where earth enough is not eafily had: but 
as it is fubjedt to be fired when the wood is dry, another 
kind called the cojfer-battery, is greatly to be preferred, 
efpecially where wood is fcarce and earth plenty. 
To mare a Coffer-Battery. —The place of the 
battery being determined, mark out with a line the limits 
of the parapet eighteen or twenty, feet thick ; and about 
four feet before the parapet mark out with lines or flakes 
the limits of the ditch, twelve feet broad, or more if earth 
is wanted ; allowing eight yards in length for one gun, 
and fix yards more for every other gun. On the outlines 
of the parapet, cut a trench fix inches wide and deep, 
and there lay a row of fafeines, the ends being jammed 
one into the other; let thefe be well flaked down. Lay 
on them another row, fo that the joinings of thefe be not 
diredtlv over the joinings of the lower one, and the knots 
of all the bands turned inwards; flake thefe down; and 
on them lay in like manner a third and fourth row, &c. 
until the height be about three feet. The fame kind of 
•work being done at the ends, and for the epaulement if 
wanted, the coifer for the wall will be made. Then let 
the men be difpofed along the place intended for the 
ditch, and with the proper tools break the ground and 
throw it into the coffer; where, as the earth is thrown 
in, another let of men are to fpread it, and force it down 
with ra’mmers, until the coffer be filled. When the wall 
is fiuilhed, let the embrafures be flaked out as before. 
CATION. 
and a coffer formed in like manner for each merlon, which 
is alfo to be filled with earth, and rammed down. The 
other methods in the preceding battery are to be followed 
in fhis, the only difference being in making the parapet. 
When a proper place for a temporary battery is deftitute 
both of dry earth and wood, then materials mu ft be car¬ 
ried to the place; thefe ufflally confift of gabions and 
earth-Jacks. 
To make a Gabion Battery. —Along the line 
marked out for the battery, let the gabions be planted in 
the places where the merlons are to be: the gabions ufed 
are of five, fix, and feven, feet diameter, and eight feet 
high. Each merlon mud have feven ; that is, three with¬ 
in of fix feet diameter, next two of feven feet diameter, 
and on the outfide two of five feet diameter; obferving 
to leave proper openings for the embrafures, about two 
feet on the infide, and nine or ten on the outfide. Or thus: 
let the merlons be made of gabions five feet diameter; 
then put four within, three in the middle, and two on 
the outfide; this conftruftion being ftronger than the for¬ 
mer. The ends and epaulements are alfo to be formed 
by three rows of gabions. The floors or bottoms of the 
embrafures are to be filled with gabions about three feet 
high, and of a proper diameter to fill up the fpaces be¬ 
tween the merlons. The gabions being placed, are to be 
filled with earth brought from the neareft place in the 
earth-facks ; or they may be filled with dung mingled 
with fand ; and in cafes of necellity, they may be filled 
with large faggots or billet wood, obferving that the void 
fpaces between the gabions are filled alfo. Batteries of this 
conftrudtion are belt adapted to marfhy or rocky ground. 
The fieur Remy, in his Memoirs of Artillery, has 
given a convenient table for finding all the requifites for 
the conftrudtion of temporary batteries, and for their daily 
fervice, the pieces being tw enty-four pounders; and al¬ 
though thefe batteries are calculated only for fieges, and 
are of the coifer kind, vet from this table may be derived 
fuch information as will greatly aflifl young artifts on other 
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