FOR 
lery : or fliould a few pieces be brought againd the 
place, their paffage to it would be very precarious, unlefs 
they can be brought near enough to a£t under cover ; and 
to leave fuch a cover would be an unpardonable over¬ 
fight in thole who had the care of condrmSting the fort. 
But when the importance of a place may bring before it 
a large fleet, and a land army properly appointed, then 
the fortifications fliould be calculated to meet the danger. 
When marfhal Vauban fortified near rivers, he made 
always the exterior fide of the fortification, near the water, 
much longer than any of the others. Tiiere feem many 
advantages to be derived from the lengthening that fide ; 
for if the river is pretty deep fo as not to be fordable, that 
fide is not liable to be attacked; and by increafing its 
length, the capacity of the place increafes much more in 
proportion to the expence, than if more fides were made ; 
the centre of the place will be likewife nearer the river, 
which makes it more convenient for all the purpofes both 
of peace and war. To il hi (Irate this, we have given the 
plan of Hunninghen in the Fortification Plate 111 . fig. 7, 
the works of which were condru&ed to favour and pro¬ 
tect the bridge over the Rhine, for which reafon he made 
it only a pentagon. The fide A B, next to the river, is 
£00 toifes, and each of the others only 180. About the 
fpace abc, which lies before the front of the work AB, 
is a (tone wall; and the paffages xx, are (hut up with 
fluices, to retain the water in the ditches in dry feafons ; 
and to prevent an enemy from deflroying the fluice near 
the point c, whereby the water would run out and leave 
the ditches dry, the redoubt y is'eredted on a contiguous 
fmall ifland, in order to cover- that fluice ; without which 
precaution the place might be infulted from the river fide, 
where the water is (hallow in dry feafons.—The crown- 
work K, on the oppofite fide of the river, w’as built to co¬ 
ver the bridge; but as this work cannot be well defended 
acrofs the river, the hornwork II was made to fupport 
the other. 
To project this plan, having infcribed the two Tides GE, 
GF, ina circle, draw the diameter CD, fo as to be equal¬ 
ly diflant from the line joining , the points EF that is pa¬ 
rallel to it. On this diameter fet off one hundred toifes 
on each fide of the centre ; from thefe points draw two 
indefinite perpendiculars fo the diameter; then if from 
the points E F, as centres, two arcs are defended with a 
radius of 180 toifes, their interfeClions A and B, with the 
faid perpendiculars, will determine the long fide AB, 
as likewife tlie other two FB and EA. In like manner 
may be found the long or fliort fide of any polygon what- 
foever.—The profile is projected at fig. 8, in the fame en¬ 
graving, conftrufted' upon Vauban’s Tcale of thirty feet 
to an inch : a, the interior rampart; b, the banquette; c, 
the parapet; d, the fofle.br moat; e, the covered way ; f, 
the exterior 'rampart'; g, the banquette ; h, the parapet 
defending the outwork. 
1 OF- FIELD FORTIFICATION. 
This branch of military fcience is chiefly adapted to 
the progrefs of an army in its various marches and move¬ 
ments throughout a campaign, by providing, on the one 
hand, for its fecurity and defence while encamped in the 
field; and on the other, by teaching the art of making re¬ 
gular approaches, and of throwing up the mod effectual 
works, while conducting the arduous bufinefs of a fiege. 
It alfo teaches the method of putting a diflritb into the 
bed poflure of defence, whether in an enemy’s country, 
or in cafe of an i n v a (To n at home, by fortifying the woods 
and heights, fecuring’ flie flanks and hollow ways, throw¬ 
ing up temporary redoubts and other fimilar works, or 
lines to defend a pafs, or the fords of rivers ; it points out 
likewife the (land that might be made in churches, caflles, 
villages, &c. by the aid of intrenchments ; fo that an ene¬ 
my fliould be compelled to bring forward a much fuperior 
force to overcome thefe fucceffive obflacles; that by a 
wade of men and time, and a paucity of provifions. he 
Yol.VII. No.453. 
FOR 609 
might finally be obliged to retreat, while the army adding 
upon the defenfive might Fall upon his rear, and occafion 
him to retire with very confiderable lofs, though with¬ 
out once coming to decifive aftion. 
Field Fortification likewife embraces a knowledge of 
projecting all kinds of defenfive and offenfive works, and 
the method of tracing them ; whence an intimate acquain¬ 
tance with the principles of fortification in general, be¬ 
comes highly expedient for all officers in the army, who 
know not the hour in which they might be called upon 
to attack or defend pods of the highefl importance, and 
in which their fuccefs might depend as much on their 
(kill and taCtical knowledge, as on their intrepidity and 
perfonal- courage. This part alfo comprifes the art of 
(inking fougaj/es or mines,; of planting ambufeades ; of 
drengthening and fupporting an army by judicious de¬ 
fences in the field of battle ; and of covering and fecuring 
its-retreat, when needful, from the liady affaults of a fu¬ 
perior force. But as the whole of thefe objects, fave 
that of conflrudling the defenfive works, as taught under 
the head of regular fortification, form one of the mod 
eflential branchesof Military Tactics, we mud beg to 
refer the reader to that article. 
FOR'TIFIER, f. One who ereCts works for defence. 
—The fortifier of Pendennis made his advantage of the 
commodity offered by the ground. Carezv. —One who fup- 
ports or fecures; one who upholds.—He was led forth 
by many armed men, who often had been the fortifiers of 
wickednefs, to the place of execution. Sidney. 
To FOR'TIFY, v. a. [ fortifier , Fr.] To drengthen 
againd attacks by walls or works.—He fortified the city 
againd befieging. Ecclcfi 1 . 4.—To confirm ; to encourage. 
—To fortify the former opinions, Todatus adds, that thofe 
which dwell near the falls of water are deaf from their 
infancy; but this I hold as feigned. Raleigh. —To fix; to 
edablifh in refolution.—A young man, before he leaves 
the (belter of his father’s houfe, fliould be fortified with 
refolution to fecure his virtue. Locke. 
But in-born worth, that fortune can controul, 
New-dning and differ bent her fofter foul: 
The heroine aflum’d the woman’s place, 
Confirm’d her mind, and fortify'd her face. Dry den. 
To FOR'TIFY, v.n. To raife ftrong places: 
Thou us irnpower’d 
To fortify thus far and overlay 
With this portentous bridge the dark abyfs, Milton. 
FORTIGUER'RA (Nicholas), an Italian poet and 
ecclefiadic, born in 1674, and delcended from an ancient 
family of that name at Pidoia. He arrived at the prelacy 
under Clement XT. and his houfe at Rome was the refort 
of all the didinguifned men of letters in that capital. He 
had great expectations of a cardinal’s hat from Clement 
XII. but the pontiff delayed his .promotion fo long, that 
Fortiguerra fell into a lingering difeafe through vexation, 
which carried him oft’ in 1735, at the age of fixty-one. 
He is principally known by his burlefque poem entitled 
RicciardettOy which was .written on the following occafion : 
Being prefent at a debate concerning the relative fupe- 
riority of Ariodo and Taflo, Fortiguerra fupported that 
of the latter poet; and as a proof of the eafe with which 
a perfon of moderate imagination might imitate the man¬ 
ner of Ariodo, he undertook to compofe the piece in 
quedion, which he finifhed in a fliort time. It was fird 
publifhed in 1738, 4to, and fince at Paris, 1768, 3 vols. 
i2mo. Fortiguerra alfo wrote a tranflation in verfe of the 
comedies of Terence, printed at Urbino in 17 36, with the 
Latin text. 
FOR'TILAGE,/. A little fort; a blockhoufe—In 
all draights and narrow paffages there fliould be fome 
little fortilage , or wooden caftle, fet which would keep 
and command the Araight. Sfienfer. 
FORTIL'ITY, f. in old dauites, a fortified place; a 
cadle; a bulwark. 
7 QL. FOR'TIN, 
