618 F O U 
FOUGARMO'NT, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of tiie Lower Seine, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diftridt of Neufchatel : fix leagues and a half fouth- 
eaft of 'Dieppe, and three north-eaft of Neufchatel. 
FOUCAU'LT (Nicholas-Jofeph), a great promoter of 
.letters, born at Paris in 1643. He was brought up to the 
bar, at which he obtained great diftindtion, and palled 
through various offices till he became amafterof requefts 
and chief of the council of madame, duchefs ol Orleans. 
He was fucceffively intendant of Montauban, Pan, and 
Caen. At the revocation of the edidt of Nantes he was 
refident at the fecond place, and by his prudence and 
mildnefs prevented thole difturbances which that arbi¬ 
trary meafure might have caufed in a diftridt full of pro- 
teftants. His merit on the occafion was teftified by a 
medal ftruck by the dates of Bearn. At the different 
feats of his intendancy he promoted the public good by 
procuring the mod exadt topographical defcriptions of 
each province, by encouraging the condrudtion of roads, 
canals, havens, bridges, &c. as well as of ornamental 
edifices, and by inftitutions for the promotion of the arts 
and fciences. His own valuable library and cabinet were 
open to all who were able to ufe them. He made the 
difcovery in 17040! the ancient town of. the Viducaflians, 
near Caen, of which he lent a particular and exact ac¬ 
count to the Academy of Infcriptions. He alfo difco- 
vered in the abbey of Moiffac the only manufcript of the 
work De Mortibus Perfecutorum, attributed to Ladtantius. 
He died in 1721. 
FOUCHEN'DGE, a town of Perfia, in the province of 
Chorafdan, taken by Timur Bee. Lat. 34. 50. N. Ion. 
94. 15. E. Ferro. 
FOUCHE'R (Simon), a French philofophical writer, 
born at Dijon, in 1644. After palling through a courfe 
of education to fit him for the ecclefiadical profeffion, he 
was ordained pried, and was prelented to an honorary 
canonry of the holy chapel at Dijon. This fituation he 
did not retain more than two or three years, when he re¬ 
moved to Paris. In that city, he acquired the edeem 
and friendftiip of many of the mod eminent men of the 
time, and particularly connedted himfelf with that clafs 
of literati who didinguiffied themfelves as advocates for 
the revival of the academic, or more properly fpeaking 
fceptical, philofophy. To their opinions he was zea- 
loufiy devoted, and employed his pen, with confiderable 
learning and ingenuity, in defence of them. By the 
clofenefs of his application, however, he (hortened his 
days, and died at Paris in 1696, in the fifty-third year of 
his age. He wrote a variety of Differtations, Criticifms, 
Anfwers to Criticifms, Letters, &c. which appeared at 
different periods from 1673 to 1693, and form together a 
collection in fix volumes twelves. He was alfo the 
author of, 1. A Treatife on the Wifdom of the Ancients, 
i2tno. 1682. 2. A Letter concerning the Morality of 
Confucius, the Chinefe Philofopher, 8vo. 16S8. 3. A 
Treatife on Hygrometers, or Indruments for alcertaining 
the Drynefs and Humidity of the Air, izmo. 16S6. 
FOUCQUE'T (Nicholas), marquisof Belleide, a cele¬ 
brated fuperintendant of the French finances in the mino¬ 
rity of Louis XIV. fon of Francis Foucquet, vifeount de 
Vaux. He was born in 1615, and early brought forwards 
in the departments of law. At the age of thirty-five he 
was created procureur-general of the parliament of Paris. 
The cardinal Mazarin made him fuperintendant of the 
finances in 1653, at a..time when they were much difor- 
dered by civil and foreign wars, and dill more by the in- 
fatiable cupidity of the cardinal himfelf, who demanded 
from the treafury an annual fum of twenty-three millions 
of livresfor fecret fervices, and bought up at a low price 
the old debts of the date, which he caufed to be paid at 
full value. Foucquet participated largely in the public 
plunder, and few financiers have difplayed more magnifi¬ 
cent profit don. He is faid to have expended eighteen 
millions of livres upon his feat of Vaux, where he gave 
entertainments in a dyle of royal fplendour, and was ex- 
F O U 
tremely munificent towards men of letters. It was to be 
expected that lo high a fortune would be attended with 
much envy, and that the means he was obliged to employ 
for fupporting the public credit would caufe him many 
enemies. The cardinal did not love him, though he 
found it necelfary to keep meafures with him. He gave 
his chief confidence, however, to Colbert, whom he re¬ 
commended to the king at the expence of Foucquet. 
The dorm which had been long gathering, fell upon the 
head of the fuperintendant after the death of Mazarin in 
1661. The king, whom he had offended by his attempts to 
gain the heart of Mad. de 1 st Valiere, and by his oftenta- 
tious magnificence, was led to believe that he had a defign 
of making himfelf duke of Brittany and the adjacent ides, 
and maintaining himfelf in independence with the aid of 
the Englilh. Foucquet was artfully induced to refign his 
place of procureur-general, that the parliament might 
not interfere in his favour; and was then lulled into a 
date of fecurity, till he was arreded at Nantes in Septem¬ 
ber, 1661. He was committed to cuftody, and a commifi. 
fion was appointed to try him upon various criminal 
charges. He defended himfelf fo well, that it was three 
years before fentence was pronounced. He was then 
condemned to banidiment, which the king commuted for 
perpetual imprifonment; and he paffed all the remainder 
of his life in the citadel of Pignerol. Of the crowds to 
whom he had been a liberal benefadtor, fcarcely any re¬ 
mained faithful to him except fome of his literary pen- 
fioners. Of thefe were madeinoifelle de Scuderi, La Fon¬ 
taine, and Pelliffon, the latter of whom defended him in 
leveral eloquent memoirs. Foucquet made an equal re¬ 
turn of gratitude ; for, being informed that Pellifon’s 
penfion was withdrawn on this account, he retrenched 
from his own expences a fum adequate to the amount, and 
remitted it to him by the hands of mademoifelle de Scu¬ 
deri. He bore his change of fortune with firmnefs, and 
employed his prifon-hours in the compofition of various 
works of piety. He died in 1680. 
FOVE'Ajyi [ fodio , Lat. to dig.] The finus of the 
pudendum muliebre. In the bath rooms it is a fudatory 
for receiving one or both the legs, in order to fweating. 
FOU'ESNANT, a town of France, in the department 
of Finifterre, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt 
of Quimper : two leagues and a half fouth of <Tuimper, 
and two and a half fouth-weft of Rofporden. 
FOUG, a town of France, in the department of the 
Meurte, and chief place of a canton in the diftridt of 
Toul, fortified in 1218: one league and three quarters 
weft of Toul, and two and a quarter north-north-eaft of 
Vaucouliers. 
FOUG A'DE, or Fougasse, f. a fmall mine, dug under 
fome work or out-poft, which is in danger of falling into 
the enemy’s hands ; and charged with facks of powder, 
covered with ftones, earth, or whatever elfe can make de- 
ftrudtion. See Mine. 
FOUGERAY', a town of France, in the department 
of the I lie and Vilaine, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftridt of Bain, two leagues and a quarter fouth of Bain, 
and four and three quarters eaft of Redon. 
FOUGE'RES, a town of France, and principal place 
of a diftridt, in the department of the Ille and Vilaine, 
containing about four thoufand inhabitants, whofe prin- 
cipal trade is in leather. In the year 1202, this town was 
taken by John king of England : eight leagues north-eaft: 
of Rennes. Lat. 48. 22. N. Ion. 16. 27. E. Ferro. 
FOUGEROL'LE L’EGLI'SE, a town of France, in 
the department of the Upper Saone, and chief place of a 
canton, in the diftridt of Luxueil : one league and three 
quarters north of Luxeuil, and one and three quarters 
fouth of Plombieres. 
FOUGEROL'LES, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Mayenne, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftridt of Ernee : five leagues north-weft: of Mayenne s 
and three and a half north of Ernee. 
FOUGHT, The preterite and participle of Jight: 
Though 
