6 lt) 
F O U 
Though unknown to me, lure they fought well, 
Whom Rupert led, and who were Britilh born. D>yden. 
FOUGH'TEN. [The pafllve participle of fight. Rarely 
vfed.~\ Contefted ; difputed by arms : 
On the fougkten field 
Michael and his angels, prevalent 
Encamping, plac’d in guard their watches round 
Cherubic waving fires. Milton. 
FOVIL'LA,yi in botany, a fine fubftance, impercepti¬ 
ble to the naked eye, which is exploded by the pollen 
from the antherae of flowers. See Botany. 
FOUILLO'N (James), a French catholic divine, and 
voluminous writer in the Janfenift connection, born at Ro¬ 
chelle, in 1670. He received his claflical education at 
the college of the Jefuits, who, obferving his rapid pro¬ 
ficiency, and the marks of genius and penetration which 
he difeovered, were very defirous ot having him entered 
a novice in heirfociety. They were not gratified, how. 
ever, in their with ; for he was fent to Paris in 16S8, and 
laced in the college of St. Barbe, where he went through 
is courfes of philofo >hy and theology with diflinguifhed 
reputation. He had not longentered into orders, before 
he was nominated to a prebend in the cathedral church of 
Rochelle; but ite declined that appointment, and never 
afterwards obtained any other benefice than the commen¬ 
datory priory of St. Martin de Pruniers, in thediocefeof 
Mende. The part which he took relative to the celebrat¬ 
ed Cafe of Confidence, obliged him, in 1703, to withdraw 
into concealment, though he did not quit Puis. In this 
fituation he continued for about two years, when he 
judged it expedient to confult his faf.-ty by taking refuge 
in Holland. About the year 1720, he ventured to return 
to France. Soon after he had taken this ftep, the jefuit 
party obtained an order that he fhould fix his refidence 
at Ma^on, where lie continued for fome years. At length 
he obtained permillion to return to Paris, where he died, 
in 1736, in the fixty-fixth year of his age. He had a 
principal fliare in drawing up the Hiflory of the Cafe of 
Confcience, fignecl by Forty Doctors of the Sorbonne, 
publifhed in 1705, in eight vols. 12010. fuftained a part 
in the abbe Bourfier’s Adtion of God on the Creatures, 
or, Phyfical Premotion proved by Reafoning, in two vols. 
4to. and fix vols. 121110. alfo in the great work againft the 
Bull Unigenitus, entitled Hexaples, &c. in feven vols. 4to- 
1721 ; and was the collector and editor of the famous Ar- 
nauld’s Letters, in eight vols. nmo. to which he added 
numerous notes. He was, likewife, the author of a mul¬ 
titude of treatifes in the controverfy between the Janfen- 
ifts and Jefuits. 
FOUILLOU'SE (La), a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Rhone and Loire, and chief place of a can¬ 
ton, in the diftridb of St. Etienne : five miles north-weft 
of St. Etienne. 
FOUL, adj. [fuls , Goth, pul, Sax.] Not clean ; filthy; 
dirty; miry. Through molt of its fignifications it isop- 
pofed to fair. —My face is^ca/with weeping. Job xvi. 16. 
—He that can travel in deep and foul ways, ought not to 
fay that he cannot walk in fair. Tillotfon. 
The dream is foul with (tains 
Of rufhing torrents and defeending rains. Addifon. 
Impure; polluted; full of filth.—Intemperance and fen- 
fualiiy debafe men’s minds, clog their fpirits, and make 
them grate, foul, liftlefs, and una&ive. TillotJ'on. 
With foul mouth. 
And in the witnefs of his proper ear, 
To.call him villain. Skakefpeare. 
Wicked ; deteftable ; abominable.—Jefus rebuked the 
foul fpirit. Mark, ix. 25.—This is the groffeft and molt ir¬ 
rational fuppofition, as well as the foulejl atheifm, that can 
be imagined. Hale. 
Satire has always (hone among the reft, 
And is the boldeft way if not the bell, 
F O U 
To tell men truly of their foulejl faults, 
To laugh at their vain deeds, and vainer thoughts. Dryden . 
Not lawful ; not according to the eftablifhed rules: 
By foul play were we heav’d thence, 
But.blelfedly help’d hither. Skakefpeare. 
Hateful; ugly; loathfome. — Foul fights do rather dif- 
pleafe, in that they excite the memory of foul things than 
in the immediate objects ; and therefore, in pictures, thofe 
foul fights do not much offend. Bacon. 
Th’ other half did woman’s fhape retain, 
Moft loathfome, filthy, foul, and full of viledifdain. Spencer » 
Difgraceful ; fhameful : 
Too well I fee and rue the dire event, 
That with fad overthrow and fould cfeat 
Hath loft' us heav’n. Milton. 
Coarfe ; grofs.—You will have no notion of delicacies if 
you table with them : they ate all for rank and foul feed¬ 
ing, and fpoil the belt provifions in cooking. Felton. —Full 
of grofs humours, or bad matter; wanting purgation or 
mundification : 
You perceive the body of our kingdom, 
How foul it is ; what rank difeafes grow, 
And with what danger near the heart of it. Skakefpeare . 
Not bright; not ferene : 
Who’s there' befides foul weather ? 
One minded like the weather, moft inquietly. Skakefpeare. 
Be fair or foul, or rain or fliine, 
The joys 1 have profefs’d, infpiteof fate are mine. Dryden. 
With rough force; with unfeafonable violence.—The 
great art of the devil, and the principal deceit of the 
heart, is to keep fair with God himfelf, while men fall 
foul upon His laws. South. 
So in this throng bright Sachariffa far’d, 
Opprefs’d by thofe who ftrove to be her guard : 
As (hips, though never fo obfequious, fall 
Foul in a tempeft on their admiral. . Waller. 
[Among feamen.] Entangled : as, a rope is foul of the 
anchor. 
7 b FOUL, v. a. [pulan, Sax.] To daub; to bemire; 
to make filthy; to dirty.—Sweep your walks from au¬ 
tumnal leaves* left the worms draw them into their 
holes, and foul your garden. Evelyn. 
While Traulus all his ordure fcatters. 
To foul the man he chiefly flatters. Swift. 
“ Never feek by foul means what you may have by 
fair.”—’The Italians fay, Non cercar per forza, queU eke 
puoi aver di bitono voglia. —This excellent admonitory pro¬ 
verb (hould guide and direiSt the conduct and dealings of 
all men in their temporal affairs, in order to prepare them 
for thofe which are eternal. 
FOUL B AY, a bay on the north-eaft coaft of the ifland 
of Barbadoes. 
FOUL BAY, a bay on the fouth coaft, near the eaftern 
extremity of the ifland of Jamaica. Lat. 17.54. N. Ion. 
75. 56.W. Greenwich. 
FOUL SOUND, a ftrait of the Atlantic, between the 
iflands of Inifhere and Inifmain, on the weft coaft of 
Ireland. 
FOUL-SPO'KEN, adj. Scurrilous in fpeech.— Foul- 
fpoken coward ! Skakefpeare. 
FOU'LA, or Foul Island, one of the Shetland iftes, 
between fix and feven leagues weft from the mainland ; 
about three miles long, and full of rough, fteep, and bare, 
rocks. 
FOU'LAH, Fouli, or Pholey, a country of Africa,, 
fituated on the (ides of the river Senegal, extending 1C0 
leagues from eaft to weft ; the boundaries from north to 
fouth are unknown. The country is populous, the foil’ 
fertile, and capable of furnifbing an advantageous com. 
merce- 
