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F O U 
He had an opportunity of going to fehool on a foundation. 
Swift. —Eftablifhment ; fettlement. 
The founding and building of a college or-hofpital, is in 
law called foundatio, quafifundatio, or fundamenti locatio. 
CP. lib. 10. The king only can found a college ; but there 
may be a college in reputation, founded by others. Dyer , 
267. If it cannot appear by inquilition, who it was that 
founded a church or college, it fhall be intended it was 
the king; who has power to found a new church, &c. 
Moor, 282. The king may found and eredl an hofpital, 
and give a name to the houfe, upon the inheritance of 
another, or licenfe another perfon to do it upon his own 
lands ; and the words fundo, creo, &c. are not necellary in 
every foundation, either of a college or hofpital made by 
the king; but it is fufficient if there be words equivalent: 
The incorporation of a college or hofpital is the very 
foundation; but he who endows it with land is the 
founder; and to the erection of an hofpital nothing more 
is requifite but the incorporation and foundation. 10 Rep. 
Cafe of Sutton's Hofp. 
Perfons feifed of eftates in fee-fimple, may eredt and 
found hofpitals for the poor, by deed inrolled in chan¬ 
cery, See. which fhall be incorporated, and fubjedl to 
fuch vifitors as the founder fhall appoint. t,c) Eliz. c. 5. 
Where a corporation is named, it is faid the name of the 
founder is parcel of the corporation. 2 NelJ.%% 6 . Though 
the foundation of a thing may alter the law, as to that 
particular thing ; yet it fhall not work a general preju¬ 
dice. 1 Lit. Abr. 634. By 7 & 8 Will. III. c. 37, the 
crown may grant licence to alien in mortmain. By 
9 Geo. II. c. 36, gifts in mortmain by will, See. are re¬ 
trained ; but there are exceptions with refpeT to uni- 
verfties and royal colleges. See thofe articles. 
The word foundations , as ufed in Revelation xxi. 14, 
19, 20. requires fome explanation. If the precious ffones 
mentioned there were laid in the foundations , their beauty 
mud have been loft. Mr. King, in his Munimenta, 
vol. ii. in noticing the alternate layers or courfes of bricks 
between ftones in ancient buildings, has happily explained 
this pafldge. He fays, the word rendered foundations 
means thofe layers or courfes between the ftone-work: 
“ The feveral alternate rows or courfes of (tone and brick 
(in the wall Mr. K. is deferibing) were by the Greeks 
who lived in Roman cities called Ssp.sAioi or Strict; and 
are the kind of ornaments alluded to by St. John, as being 
fo highly beautiful, according to every one’s apprehen* 
fion, in his days ; when, in his emblematical reprefenta- 
tions of the walls of the holy city, in the Revelations, he 
I'peaks of fuch being formed o (precious Jlones. The word 
is in our tranflation of the paffage very improperly 
rendered, as far as relates to a confiftency with our mo¬ 
dern ideas, foundations , inftead of courfes ; and this mif- 
tranflation occafions much confufion in the minds of moft 
perfons who attempt to read the prophet’s fublime de- 
feription. Neverthelefs, the reafon why thefe alternate 
rows either of brick or of fmooth flat ftones, were anci¬ 
ently called Oe/xsAks or Gs^eAioi, foundations, (though the 
word feems now fo uncouth, and inapplicable, in our 
ears,) is yet apparent enough. For whoever examines 
Roman walls attentively will find, that moft ufually the 
broader alternate rows of rude ftone or flints, or rubble, 
and mortar, were evidently conftrufted, merely by having 
the whole mafs flung carelefly into a great caiffon or frame 
of wood, whofe interior breadth was that of the wall, and 
•whofe depth was that of the fpace between the alternate 
rows of bricks; and whofe length was fometimes more, 
and fometimes lefs, juft as fuited convenience ; and that 
the parts thus reared, one at the end of another, on and 
over each row of bricks, were united together afterwards, 
merely by means of very fmall loofe ftones, and mortar, 
thrown into the narrow fpace left at the ends between 
them. As, therefore, thefe caifTons were removed up 
from one row of bricks or fmooth ftones to another fu- 
perior row, in conftant repetition, according as the wall 
F O U 
advanced in height, and were placed fucceftively upon 
every row; thofe fubftantial rows of bricks, regularly 
placed, might very well be called Gs/wAior, or foundations, 
becaufe indeed fuch they really were the whole way up, 
to thofe identical building-frames.” 
FOUN'DER, f A builder; one who raifes an edi¬ 
fice; one who prefides at the eredtion of a city : 
Of famous cities we the founders know ; 
But rivers, old as feas to which they go. 
Are nature’s bounty : ’tis of more renown 
To make a river than to build a town. Waller. 
One who eftablifhes a revenue for any purpofe.—This 
hath been experimentally proved by the honourable foun~ 
der of this ledture in his treatife of the air. Bentley. 
The wanting orphans faw with wat’ry eyes 
Their founder's charity in the duft laid low. Dry den. 
One from whom any tiling has its original or beginning : 
When Jove, who faw from high, with juft difdain, 
The dead infpir’d with vital breath again. 
Struck to the centre with his flaming dart 
Th’ unhappy founder of the godlike art. Dryden. 
{Fondeur, Fr.J Acafter; one who forms figures by carting 
melted matter into moulds.— Founders add a little anti¬ 
mony to their bell-metal, to make it more fonorous ; and 
fo pewterers to their pewter, to make it found more cleaE 
like filver. Grew. 
To FOUN'DER, v. a. \fondre, Fr.J To caufe fuch a 
forenefs and tendernefs in a horfe’s foot, that he is unable 
to fet it to the ground.—If you find a gentleman fond of 
your horfe, perfuade your mafter to fell him, becaufe he 
is vicious, and foundered into the bargain. Swift. 
Thy (tumbling founder'd jade can trot as high 
As any other Pegafus can fly ; 
So the dull eel moves nimbler in the mud 
Than all the fwift-finn’d racers of the flood. Dorfet. 
Brntes find out where their talents lie : 
A bear will not attempt to fly ; 
A founder'd horfe will oft debate 
Before he tries a five-barr’d gate. Swift. 
To FOUN'DER, v.n. {fond, Fr. the bottom.] To fink, 
to the bottom.—New (hips, built at thofe rates, have 
been ready to funder in the leas with every extraordinary 
(form. Raleigh —To fall lame : 
It chaunft fir Satyrane, his deed at laft. 
Whether through found’ring or through fuddein feare. 
To Humble. Spenfer.. 
To fail; to mifearry: 
In this point 
All his tricks founder ; and he brings his phyfic 
After his patient’s death. Shakefpeare, 
FOUN'DERY, f. [fnderie , Fr.] A place where figures 
are formed of melted metal; a cafting-houfe.—For the 
method of taking carts of various inferior kinds, fee the 
article Casting, vol. iii. p. 885.—The principal foun- 
deries are the following : 
FQUNDERY of STATUES. ^ 
The art of the ftatuary in producing metallic ftatues, de¬ 
pends on the due preparation of the pit, the core, the 
wax, the outer mould, the inferior furnace to melt ofj 
the wax, and the upper one to fufe the metal. The pis 
is a hole dug in a dry place fomething deeper than the in¬ 
tended figure, and made according to the prominence of 
its parts. The infide of the pit is commonly lined with 
ftone or brick; or, when the figure is very large, the 
work is wrought on the ground, and a proper fence raifed 
round, to refift the impulfion of the melted metal. The 
inner mould, or core, is a rude mafs to which are given 
the intended attitude and contours. It is raifed on an 
iroa 
