F O U 
'pearance or effoin of one will excufe the other’s default, 
and they agree between themfelves that one (hall appear 
or be elfoined one day, and for want of the other’s ap¬ 
pearing, have day over to make his appearance with the 
other party ; and at that day allowed the other party doth 
appear, but he that appeared before doth not, in hopes 
to have another day by adjournment of the party who 
then made his appearance. This is called fourcher ; and 
in the ftatute of Weftminfter i. c. 42, it is termed fourcher 
by ejfoin ; where are words to this effeft, viz. coparceners, 
jointenants, &c. may not fourch by effoin, to effoin leve- 
raliy ; but (hall have only one effoin, as one foie tenant. 
And in the flatnte of Gloucefler, 6 Edw.I. c.io, it is ufed 
in like manner: the defendants fliall be put to anfwer 
without fourching, 8 c c. 2 InJ}. 250. 
FOUR'CHING, f. in law, the aft of delaying a fuit 
at law. 
FOURDAN HO'TUN, a towm in the kingdom of 
Corea : 655 miles eaft-north-eaft of Peking. Lat. 42. 51, 
N. Ion. 149. 6. E. Ferro. 
FOURDAN HO'TUN, a town of Chinefe Tartary : 
750 miles eaft-north-eaft of Peking. Lat. 43. 54. N. Ion. 
150. E. Ferro. 
FOUR'FOLD, adj. Four times told.—He fliall reflore 
the lamb fourfold, becaufe he had no pity. 2 Sam.x'n. 6 . 
FOURFOOT'ED, adj. Quadruped; having twice two 
feet : 
Augur Aftylos, whofe art in vain 
From fight difniaded the fourfooted train, l 
Now beat the hoof with Nefftis on the plain. Dryden.J 
FOUR'MILE WATER, a river of Ireland in the 
county of Cork ; which runs into Dunmannus Bay, five 
miles fouth-weft of Bantry. 
FOUR'IER,/. [French.] A courier, an inferior mef- 
fenger. Scott. Not ufed. 
FOUR'MONT (Stephen), eminently diftinguifhed for 
his knowledge of languages, born in 1683, at a village 
near Paris. Becoming an orphan at an early age, he was 
placed by an uncle at the Mazarine-coilege in Paris, where 
he acquired a thorough grammatical knowledge of the 
Greek and Latin tongues. While yet a fcholar, he pub- 
lift, ed The Roots of the Latin Language put into French 
Verfe, which was well received, and adopted in various 
colleges. He then began the ftudy of the oriental lan¬ 
guages; and removed to the college of Montaigu, where 
he occupied an apartment which had once been poffeffed 
by the great Era firms, a circumftance which augmented 
his ardour for ftudy. By a tranflation of Aben Ezra’s 
Commentary on Ecclefiaftes, he obtained reputation as 
an orientalift, and acquired the efteem of feveral doftors 
of the Sorbonne. To his other purfuits he joined that 
of jurifprudence ; and expecting fuccefs at the bar, he 
vtairfed himfelf to be admitted an advocate ; but he never 
•praftifed in that profeffion. He continued to advance in 
credit as a man of learning, and was invited by the count 
of Toledo, minifter of Spain, to fettle in that country: 
lie declined the propofal; yet he obtained by the count’s 
means a penfion from the Spanifh court. In 1715, he 
was made Arabic profelfor in the royal college, and an 
affociate in the academy of inferiptions and belles-lettres. 
He afterwards gave public leftures in the Hebrew lan¬ 
guage, chiefly with a view of oppofmg the new gramma¬ 
tical fyftem advanced by Mafclef; and he put the He¬ 
brew, Syriac, and Arabic, roots, as he had before done 
the Latin, into French verfe. He engaged in the difpute 
concerning Horner and the ancients, which then divided 
the French literati. His patfion for languages was neff 
latisfied without extending his refearches even to the 
Chinefe, on which he b eft owed much labour, though 
with difputed fuccefs. Both by lus countrymen and by 
foreigners he was regarded as an adept in oriental learn¬ 
ing ; and the royal locieties of London and Berlin aggre¬ 
gated him among their members. He died in 1745, at 
She age of fixty-two. This writer left a great number of 
Vol. VII. No. 455* 
F G U _ 029 
works, among which are, 1. RcJlcEHons critiques fur Les 
Hifoircs des Ancie.ns Peuples jufqu'au Tans dc Cyrus, 1733, 
2 vols. 4to. 2. A Chinefe Grammar in Latin, folio, 1742. 
3. Imditationes Sinicee, 1737, folio, and many differtations 
in the Memoirs of the Academy of Belles-lettres. 
Michael Fourmont, younger brother of the pre¬ 
ceding, became a man of learning through the force of 
his ow n affiduous efforts; and in 1720 was made profeffor 
of Syriac in the royal college. In 1728, he accompanied 
the abbe Sevin into the Levant, on a million for the dif- 
covery of manuferipts and antiquities. He copied a great 
number of inferiptions and other monuments of antiqui y, 
which were depofited in the royal library. He was a 
member of the academy of belles-lettres, and feveral of 
his differtations are publiflied in their Memoirs. He died 
at Paris, in 1746, at the age of fifty-fix. 
FOURNEAU', f. [French.] The chamber of a mine ; 
a cavity under a work. 
FOURNE'LS, a town of France, in the department of 
the Lozere, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of 
St. Chely d’Apcher: feven miles weft of St. Chely. 
FOUR'NESS, or Furness, in Lancalhire, a track be¬ 
tween the Kent, Leven, and Dndden, bands, which runs 
north parallel with the weft Tides of Cumberland and 
Weftmoreland; and on the fovith projefts into the fea as 
a promontory. Here, as Mr. Camden expreffes it, “ the 
fea, as if enraged at it, ladies it more furiotifly, and in 
high tides has even devoured the ftvore, and made three 
large bays ; viz. Kent-fand, info which the river Kerv 
empties it felt; I.even-fand, and Dudden-fand, between 
which the land projefts in fuch a manner, that it has its 
name thence ; Forenefs and Foreland, fignifying the fame 
with promontorium anterius.” Bifliop Gibfon, however, de¬ 
rives the name of Fourncfs , or Furnefs, from the numerous 
furnaces that were there anciently, the rents and fervices 
of which (called bloomfmithy rents ) are (till paid. This 
whole traft, except on the coaft, rifes in high hills and 
vaft piles of rocks called Fontefs-fcl/s ; among which the 
ancient Britons found a fecure retreat, milling to thefe 
natural fortreffes in all times of danger. 
FOURNI'ER (Peter-Simon), an eminent engraver and 
letter-founder, born at Paris, in 1712, excelled in the 
praftice of the typographical art, and iiluftrated it by 
his writings. In 1737, he publiflied a. Table of Propor¬ 
tions, to be obferved in the height and (ize of the diffe¬ 
rent characters. Fie alfo wrote feveral treatifes on the 
origin and progrefs of typography, which were collected 
in one volume oftavo, divided into three parts, the laft 
of which contains a curious hiftory of engravers in wood. 
His mod confiderable work is entitled Manuel Typogra - 
pkiqut, 2 vols. 8vo. written for the inftruftion as well of 
men of letters as of artifts. In this he gives fpecimens of 
ltis types, and alfo of fome mufical characters for printing 
which he invented, and which are nearly equal in beauty 
to engraving. He died in 1768. 
FOUR'NO, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the province 
of Caramania : 104 miles weft-fomh-weft of Satalia. 
FOURQUEVAU'X, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Upper Garonne : ten miles fouth of Touloufe. 
FOURSCO'RE, adj. Four times twenty ; eighty.— 
The Cliiots were fit ft a free people, being a common¬ 
wealth, maintaining a navy of fourfcorc fnips. Savdys. — 
The Liturgy had, by the practice of near JourJ'core years, 
obtained great veneration from all fober proteftants. Cla¬ 
rendon. —It is ufed clliptically for fourfeore years in num¬ 
bering the age of man.—Some few might be of ufe in 
council upon great occafions, ’till after threelcore and 
ten ; and the two late minifters in Spain were fo ’till four - 
/core. Temple. 
At feventeen years many their fortunes leek, 
But at fourfeore it is too late a week. Shakefpeare. 
FOURSQUA'RE, adj. Quadrangular; having four 
fides and angles equal.—The temple of Bel was envi¬ 
roned with a wail carried fourfquare, of great height and 
7 X feeauty. 
