638 FRAG 
the number of ftamens by one or two; but wlien they are 
placed behind the regular petals, the number of ftamens 
is not diminiftied. 
The following sre the mod remarkable varieties: a. - 
The common wood ftrawberry of Europe ; leaflets oval- 
lanceolate, acutely ferrate ; petioles woolly ; the runners 
flender, fmooth, often tinged with purple; fruit fmall, 
•and ufually red. With tis it "has commonly little flavour, 
becattfe the plants are too much (haded; the mountainous 
ftrawberries of warmer and drier countries, though they 
ufually grow among bufhes, yet enjoying more fun, and 
a drier air and foil, are much higher flavoured and larger 
than ours. The fubordinate varieties of this are, i. The 
white wood ftrawberry, which ripens a little later in the 
iealon, and is by many perfons preferred to it for its 
quick flavour, but as it feldom produces fo large crops 
of fruit as the red fort, it is not very generally cultivated. 
2. The alpine ftrawberry, a larger plant than that which 
grows in our woods, the ftem higher, the leaves broader, 
the fruit larger, red, and ufually much pointed, fome- 
times white. It is well flavoured, and the plants being 
great bearers from June till the autumn frofts put a flop 
to them, the alpine ftrawberry is very valuable. The 
reafon of its long continuance in fruit is, that the runners 
which it throws out during the fummer, (hoot up into 
flower and fruit the fame year, more freely than the 
others. Mr. Miller, who makes this a variety of the 
fcarlet ftrawberry, fays that the Dutch gardeners entitle 
it evcrlajlingjh-azuberjy. 3. The rough-fruited or prickly 
ftrawberry is nothing but a mere accidental variety. The 
flower is greenifli ; the fruit harfh, rough, and prickly, 
of a greenifh colour, with fonie (how of rednefs. John 
Tradefcant the elder firft took notice of it in a woman’s 
garden at Plymouth ; her daughter had gathered it in the 
country, and fet the roots there. Merret afterwards ob- 
ferved it in Hyde-park and Hampftead-wood. 
( 3 . The hautboy ftrawberry has been long cultivated 
in the Englifh gardens, and is very different from the reft 
in leaf, flower, and fruit. There is an improved variety 
of it, commonly called the globe hautboy ; the fruit of 
which is larger, and of a globular form. Where thefe 
are neglected, they degenerate to the common hautboy ; 
but where the foil is good, and the culture well managed, 
the plants will produce a great quantity of large well- 
flavoured fruit. The hautboy is very apt to degenerate, 
and to produce only dry barren fruit. This, according 
10 Monf. Duharnel, is owing to there being two forts of 
plants, one bearing male, the other female or rather im¬ 
perfect hermaphrodite, flowers ; for they have thick fhort 
filaments, with very fmall effete anthers. The former of 
thefe, being reputed ufelefs, are carefully deftroyed, and 
lienee not only the feeds become abortive, but the recep¬ 
tacle, which we commonly call the fruit, fmall and juice- 
lefs. This may be remedied, either by planting a few of 
the male plants, or of the fcarlet or pine ftrawberry, 
among the hautboys. The Bohemia ftrawberry of Par- 
kinfon feems to be the hautboy ; but he mentions nothing 
of the high mufky flavour peculiar to it; and by Ray’s 
account it fliould feem to be what we now call the alpine 
ftrawberry ; for he fays it differs in nothing from the wood 
ftrawberry, but in being nearly double the fize in all its 
parts, and that the fruit is not fo pleafant, but fweeter. 
Parkinfon’s relation, however, is very different : “ that 
it is the goodlieft and greateft, both for leaf next to the 
Virginian, and for beauty far lurpafling all, for fome of 
the berries have been meafured to be near five inches 
about.” We know not upon what authority Mr. Miller 
afferts that the hautboy came originally from America. 
y. F. Chiloenfis, the Chili ftrawberry, was brought to 
Europe by Monf. Frezier, an engineer, who was fent to 
America by the king of France ; it was firft planted in 
the royal garden at Paris, whence it was communicated 
to f'everal curious perfons in Holland ; and in the year 
1727 Mr. Miller brought a parcel of the plants to Eng¬ 
land, which were communicated to him by Mr, George 
ARIA. 
Clifford, of Amfterdam, who had large beds of this fort 
growing in his curious gardens at Hartecamp. The leaves 
are hairy, oval, and of a much thicker fubftance than any 
fort yet known, and fraud upon very ftrong hairy foot- 
ftalks; the runners from tire plants are very large, hairy, 
and extend to a great length, putting out plants at feveral 
diftances. The peduncles are very ftrong; the leaves of 
the calyx are long and hairy. The flowers are large, and 
are often deformed ; and fo is the fruit, which is very 
large, and, when cultivated in very ftrong land, the plants 
produce plenty of fruit, which is firm, and very well fla¬ 
voured ; but as it is a bad bearer in moft places where it 
has been cultivated, it has generally been negleCted. In 
the Chili ftrawberry, fays Monf. Duharnel, the flowers 
which we have in Europe are imperfect hermaphrodites, 
the anthers being fmall, and without pollen; no feed 
therefore is produced unlefs the piftils be impregnated 
by the pollen of fome other, which has perfe£t flowers : 
and this has actually been done. I'rezier’s account of 
the fruit is, that it ufually attains the fize of a walnut, 
but is fometimes as large as an egg; that it is of a paler 
red than the European ftrawberry, and not fo quick in its 
flavour. The flowers confift of more titan five or fix pe¬ 
tals ; thefe are not heart-lhaped, but varioiifiy inflected 
and finuous ; they are white, but with a fl : ght tinge of 
yellow at the claws; filaments fliort and broadifti; anthers 
from a broad bafe cufped at the end, at firft pale, but 
afterwards brown; ftyles yellowilh, with a curled ftigrna, 
when viewed through a glafs granulous. The flowers 
have fomething of the fmell of the hawthorn. The calyx, 
peduncles, flowering, ftents, and petioles, are very hairy. 
The leaves on their upper furface are dark green and hairy, 
on their lower whitifti and lanuginous; the ferratures 
about the edge are broad and large. 
J. F. Virginians, the Virginia or fcarlet ftrawberry, is 
the fort which is firft ripe, for which reafon it merits 
efteem, had it nothing elfe to recommend it; but the fruit 
is fo good, as by many perfons of good tafte to be pre¬ 
ferred to moft others. This was brought from Virginia, 
where it grows naturally in the woods. It is very diffe¬ 
rent from the wood ftrawberry, in leaf, flower, and fruit. 
The leaves are dark green, and of a more even furface 
than the others; the flovvering-ftems are Ihorter, and the 
fruit is frequently concealed among the leaves. Parkinfon 
obferves, that fcarcely one fruit can be feen ripe among 
a number of plants; fo that probably in his time the cul¬ 
ture was not underftood. 
e. F. ananas, the pine ftrawberry, has lately been intro¬ 
duced into the Englilh gardens. Some affirm that it was 
brought from Louifiana, others from Virginia; but Miller 
received fome plants of it from a curious gentleman of 
Amfterdam, who affured him they were brought from 
Surinam. The leaves have a great refemblance to thofe 
of the fcarlet ftrawberry ; but are larger, of a thicker fub¬ 
ftance, and the indentures of their edges are blunter : the 
runners are much larger, and hairy ; the peduncles are 
ftronger, the flowers much larger, and the fruit approaches 
in fize, lhape, and colour, to the Chili ftrawberry. As 
this produces a great quantity of fruit, when the plants 
are kept clear from runners, and the fruit is very large, 
it is worthy of cultivation. The pine ftrawberry, ac¬ 
cording to Duharnel, is raifed from the feed of the Chili 
ftrawberry. The flower is very large, and the fruit has 
fomething of the fmell and tafte of the pine-apple. It 
varies in the form ; iome being ovoid, others oblate- 
fpheroid, others again irregular ; they are much fmaller 
than the Chili ftrawberry. They are fmooth and Paining; 
the fliaded fide yellowilh white, with a tinCture of red, 
and the feeds red; the fide towards the fun pale red, 
compofed of a mixture of red brown and yellow ; the 
feeds red-brown. The flelh is lefs firm than that of the 
Chili ftrawberry, but it is juicy, and has a pleafant per¬ 
fumed tafte. 
£. F. Caroliniana, the Carolina ftrawberry, greatly re- 
fembles the foregoing, but it is much lefs in all its parts, 
and 
