780 , F R A 
The national troops, unaccuftomed to fuftain the fire of 
regular foldiei s, were indantly thrown into confufion, and 
lied to the gates of Lifle. The cry of treafon ref'ounded 
on all tides; and their commander, an experienced and 
faithful officer, was murdered by his own foldiers and the 
mob. A fecond divifion of ten thoufand men, under ge¬ 
neral Biron, took poft'effion of Quiverain on the 29th, and 
marched towards Mons. He was there attacked by the 
Andrians, whom lie repuKed. Hearing, however, of the 
defeat of Dillon, he retreated. A third party advanced 
to Furnes, but without performing any kind of fervice. 
La Fayette alfo advanced towards Bouvines, from which 
lie afterwards retreated with barren laurels. Thefe ex¬ 
peditions were ill contrived, in as much as they divided 
the French troops, and expofed them in fmall bodies to 
the attack of veteran forces. The Andrians were fome 
time before they attempted to retaliate. At length, on 
the nth of June, tfiey attacked M. Gouvion, who com¬ 
manded the advanced guard of I.a Fayette’s army near 
Maubeuge. M. Gouvion was killed ; but on La Fayette 
himfelf coming up, the Andrians abandoned the field. 
In the mean lime, matters were battening in Paris to¬ 
wards a violent crifis. Two parties, both of which were 
hofiile to the new conditution, had gradually been formed 
in the date. The one wifhed to give more effectual fup- 
jiort to the royal authority, by edablidiing a fenate of two 
chambers, to affid the king in depreding popular enthu- 
fiafm. The otlier party wifhed to let afide royalty alto¬ 
gether, and to hazard the bold experiment of converting 
France into an abfolute republic. Thefe were fupported 
by the Jacobin club, which had contrived to concentrate 
in itfelf animmenfe influence. Popular focieties devoted 
to its interefts were edablifhed in every town and village 
throughout the provinces. With thefe a regular corref- 
ponder.ee was kept up by writing and by emiffaries. Thus 
their fchemes and notions were readily propagated through 
the empire, and all the violent fpirits which it contained 
were enabled to a6t in concert : but the more immediate 
engine of the republican party confided of the inmienfe 
population of the metropolis, whom they now endeavour¬ 
ed to keep in conflant alarm. For this purpofe they al. 
leged, that an Andrian confpiracy in favour of the ene¬ 
mies of the country, exided among the queen’s friends at 
court. Genfonne and Brilfot even offered in the affembly 
to prove the exidence of this pretended Audrian com¬ 
mittee. A report was alfo circulated, that the king in¬ 
tended to abfeond from the capital on the 23d of May. 
His majedy publicly contradicted thefe accufations as 
calumnies; but his voice had no impreffion upon the 
minds of the public. New’ decrees were now made againft 
the refractory clergy, but thefe his majedy refilled to 
fanCtion. A propofal was alfo made and decreed in the 
adembly to form a camp of 20,000 men under the walls 
e.f Paris, and for this levy every canton in the kingdom 
fhould contribute one horfeman and four infantry. The 
rational guard of Paris didiked the propofal, and the king 
gave it his negative. Indeed at this time the king feems 
to have come to a refolution of danding out againd the 
Jacobin party, to which he had for fome time yielded. 
The minidry were therefore difmiffed, excepting D11- 
mouriez, and others were appointed in their dead. By 
this event Dumouriez loft the confidence of the Jacobin 
club. He faw his error, refigned his office, and joined 
the army. In the mean time a decree had been palled, 
author)fir,g the manufactory of pikes for the purpofe of 
arming cheaply the lower clafs of citizens. All means 
were ufed to render the king odious by inflammatory 
writings and harangues ; and in both of thefe the noted 
incendiary Marat took the lead. 
On the 2Qthof June, M.Roederer, the procureurgeneral 
fyhdic, informed the national affembly, that, contrary to 
law, formidable bodies of armed men were preparing to 
prefent petitions to the king, and to the national affembly. 
A part of them fpeedily appeared, with St. Huruge, and 
Santerre,a brewer, at their head. They marched through 
N C E.’ 
the hall in a proeeflion that laded two hours, to the ntinv 
ber cf about forty thoufand. They furrounded the 
Thuilleries. The gates were thrown open $ and, on an 
attempt to break the door of the apartment where the king 
then was, he ordered them to be admitted. His fider the 
princefs Elizabeth never departed from his fide during five 
hours that he was furrounded by the multitude, and com¬ 
pelled to liden to every indignity. All this while Petion, 
the mayor of Paris, w-as unaccountably abfent. He at 
length, however, arrived, and alfo a deputation from the 
affembly. The queen, with her children and the princefs 
de Lamballe, were in the council chamber, where, though 
protected from violence, they were yet expofed to much 
infult. At lad, in confcquence of the approach of even¬ 
ing, and of the entreaties of Petion, the multitude gra¬ 
dually difperfed. 
The indignities fuffered on this day by the royal family 
were in fome refpeCts not unfavourable to their caufe. 
A great number of the mod refpeCbble inhabitantsmf the 
capital were alhamed of fiich grofs proceedings. Tire 
directory of the department of Paris, at the head of which 
were M. Rochefoucault and M. Talleyrand, publifhed a 
declaration difapproving the conduCt of the mayor, and 
of M. Manuel the procureur of the commune, whom 
they afterwards fufpended from their offices, although 
they were fpeedily redored by a decree of the adembly. 
At the fame time La Fayette, leaving his army fuddenly, 
appeared on the twenty fixth at the bar of the national af¬ 
fembly. He declared that he came to exprefs the indig¬ 
nation which the whole army felt on account of the events 
of the twentieth : he called upon the affembly to punidi 
the promoters of thefe events, and to diffolve the factious 
clubs. This bold harangue of La Fayette threw the Ja¬ 
cobins into condernation, and from that period they ne¬ 
ver ceafed to calumniate him. 
On the firft of July, on the motion of jean de Brie, the 
affembly ordered a proclamation to be made, that the coun¬ 
try was in danger. On the fixth, Louis gave intimation 
that the king of Prudia was marching with fifty thoufand 
men to co-operate againd France. The French arms 
were at this time fomewhat fuccefsful in the Audrian Ne¬ 
therlands; but the cabinet fpeedily thought it neceffary 
to order the armies to retreat: a meafure w hich was after¬ 
wards publicly cenfured by marefchal Luckner. On the 
25th, the duke of Brunfwick ilfued at Coblentz his cele¬ 
brated manifedo. It declared the purpofe of the intended 
invadon of France to be the redoration of the French king 
to full authority. It declared the national guard of 
France refponfible for the prefervation of tranquillity ; 
and threatened with the puniftimentof death, as rebels to 
their king, thofe who (hould appear in arms againft the 
allied powers. All men holding offices, civil or military, 
were threatened in the fame manner, as well as the inha¬ 
bitants of all cities, Paris, in particular, and the na¬ 
tional affembly, were declared refponfible for every in¬ 
fult which might be offered to the royal family. It was 
declared, that if they were not immediately placed m 
fafety, the allies were refolved to inflict “ on thofe who 
fliould deferve it the molt exemplary and ever-memora- 
ble avenging punidunents, by giving up the city of Paris 
to military execution, ^tnd expoling it to total deftruftion ; 
and the rebels, who fliould be guilty of illegal reflflance, 
fliould fuffer the puniffiments which they fliould have de- 
ferved.” This fanguinary and imprudent manifedo ope¬ 
rated as a death warrant for the unfortunate Louis XVI. 
It left no middle way in the nation. All who wifhed to 
preferve freedom in any form, and all who loved the in¬ 
dependence of their country, were indantly united. At 
the fame time the reproaches cad on the king by the Ja¬ 
cobins gained univerfal credit. The republican party 
foon felt their advantage, and refolved upon the depcli- 
tion of the king. The chief engine which they meant to 
employ, condfled of about fifteen hundred men, who had 
come to Paris at the period of the confederation on the 
14U1 of July, and were therefore called fxekres, and fume. 
2 times 
