79*2 FRA 
lowed to retire into France with the honours of war, 
their colours, arms, and baggage, on condition of not 
ferving againft the king of Pruffia, or his allies, for the 
fpace of one year. 
At the termination of the fiege of Valenciennes, the 
allied army held a council of war, with a view to decide 
on the future operations of the campaign. The Auftrian 
generals prefented two plans : the fir ft was, to penetrate 
to Paris by the nftiftance of the rivers which fall into the 
Seine ; the other, to take advantage of the confternation 
occafioned by the furrender of Valenciennes, and, with 
fifty thoufand light troops, to penetrate fuddenly to Paris, 
while a debarkation fhould be made on the coaft of Brit¬ 
tany to aftift the royalifts. This propofal, which nuift 
have proved fatal to the metropolis of France, was over¬ 
ruled by the plans of the Englifh, which were, to divide 
the grand army, and to attack Weft Flanders, beginning 
with the fiege of Dunkirk. This determination proved 
ruinous to the allies. The French found means to van- 
quith in detail that army, which they could uot encounter 
while united. 
It is faid that the duke of York was in fecret corre- 
fpondence with Omeron, the governor of Dunkirk ; but 
he was removed before any advantage could be taken of 
his treachery. On the 24th of Auguft, the duke of 
York attacked and drove the French outpofts into the 
town, after an aftioh, in which the Auftrran general, 
Dalton, was killed. A naval armament was expelled 
from Great Britain to co-operate in the fiege, but it did 
not arrive. In the mean time, a ftrong republican force 
menaced the covering army of the allies, which was com¬ 
manded by general Frey tag. He was foon attacked and 
totally routed. The fiege was raifed. The Britifli loft 
their heavy cannon and baggage, with feveral thoufand 
pien ; and the convention, believing that general Hou- 
s hard could have cut oft' the duke of York’s retreat, 
caufed him to be tried and executed for an unpardonable 
negleCt of duty. See the Engliih account of this cam¬ 
paign, under the article England, vol. vi. p. 777-780. 
Prince Cobonrg and general Clairfait, in the mean 
time, unfuccefsfully attempted to befiege Cambray and 
Bouchain. Quefnoy was, however, taken by general 
Clairfait on the 1 ith of September ; and here terminated 
the fuccefs of the allies in the Netherlands. 
A confiderable part of the French army of the north took 
a ftrong pofition near Maubeuge, where they were block¬ 
aded by prince Cobourg ; but, upon the 15th and 16th 
<d OClober, he was repeatedly attacked by the French 
troops under Jourdatt, who had fucceeded Houchard. 
The French now began to recover their vigour: they 
brought into the field a formidable train of artillery, in 
which were many twenty-four pounders. Commiflioners 
from the convention harangued the foldiers, threatened 
the timid, and applauded the brave. Crowds of women, 
without confufion, went through the ranks, aiftributing 
fjhrituous liquors in abundance, and carrying off the 
wounded. The attacks were frequent and terrible on 
both Tides; but the Andrians had confiderably the dif- 
advantage, and prince Cobourg retired during the night. 
T he French now menaced maritime Flanders. They took 
Furnes, and befieged Nieuport. A detachment of Britifti 
troops, ready to fail to the Weft Indies, were haftily fent to 
Qftend, and prevented the further progrefs of the French. 
Such was the multiplicity of the events that now oc¬ 
curred in France, that it is difficult to ftate the outlines 
of them with any tolerable perfpicuity. We have al¬ 
ready noticed the diflenfions that prevailed throughout 
the republic, in confequenceof the triumph of the Moun¬ 
tain party on the 31ft of May. The department of Cal¬ 
vados was firft in arms againft the convention, under the 
command of Felix Wimpfen ; but, before the end of 
j uly, the infurreftion was quieted, after a few fkirmiffies. 
But the foederalifm of the cities of Marfeilles, Lyons, 
and Toulon, (till remained. Lyons was attacked, on the 
8th of Auguft, by the conventional troops. Several ac» 
N C E. 
tions followed, which were attended with great lofs both 
on the part of the aflailants and of the befieged. The 
city was reduced almoft to a heap of ruins ; but it held 
out during the whole month of September. Kellerman 
was removed from his command on account«cf his fup- 
pofed ina«Slivity ; and the city furrendered on the 8th of 
October to general Doppet, a man who had juft before' 
been a phyfician. Such was the rage of party zeal, that 
the walls and public buildings of Lyons were ordered to 
be razed, and its name changed to that of Ville ajfranchie. 
Many hundreds of its citizens were dragged to the fcaf- 
fold, on account of their alleged treafonable refiftance to 
the convention. The victorious party, wearied by the 
flow operation of the guillotine, at laft destroyed their 
prifoners in multitudes, by firing grape-ftiot upon them. 
Such, indeed, was the unrelenting character of the fan- 
guinary Mountain, that they not only encouraged thede- 
ftruCtion of multitudes, but declared, that “ terror was 
with them the order of the doy.” 
In the end of July, general Carteaux was fent againft 
Marfeilles. In the beginning of Auguft he gained feme 
fuccefles over the advanced foederalift troops. On the 
24th, he took the town of Aix, and the Marfeillois fub- 
mitted. But the leading people of the city of Toulon 
entered into a negociaticn, and fubmitted to the Britifti 
admiral, lord Hood, under condition that he fhould pre- 
ferve the town and (hipping for Louis XVII. and undec 
the ftipulation that he fhould aftift in reftoring the confti- 
tution of 1789. The fiege of Toulon, after having teen 
thus furrendered to the Englifh, was commenced by ge¬ 
neral Carteaux in the beginning of September ; it conti¬ 
nued, without much vigour, during that and the whole 
of the fucceeding month. Neapolitan, Spanifh, and 
Englifh, troops, were brought by fea to aftift in its de¬ 
fence. In the beginning of November, Carteaux was 
removed to the command of the army in Italy, and gene¬ 
ral Dugommier fucceeded him. The Englifh general 
O’Hara arrived with reinforcements from Gibraltar, and 
took upon him the command of the town. On the 36‘h 
of November, the garrifon made a powerful Tally to de- 
ftroy fome batteries that were erecting upon heights 
which commanded the city. The French were furprized, 
and driven from their objeCt; but, elated by the facility 
of their conqueft, the allied troopsrufhed forward in pur- 
fuit of the flying enemy, and were unexpectedly met by 
a ftrong French force that was drawn out to proteCt the 
fugitives. O’Hara now headed a battalion from the city 
to endeavour to bring off his troops ; but he.was wounded 
in the arm, and taken prifoner ; the total lot's of the al¬ 
lies, in this affair, was eftimated at nearly one thoufand 
men. The French now muttered in full force around 
Toulon, and prepared for the attack. It was begun on 
the 19th of December in the morning, and was chiefly di¬ 
rected againft Fort Mulgrave, defended by the Britifti. 
This fort was protected by an entrenched camp, thirteen 
pieces of cannon, 36 and 24 pounders, five mortars, and 
three thoufand troops. Such was the ardour of the af- 
fault, that it was carried in an hour, and the whole gar¬ 
rifon was deftroyed or taken. The allies, finding it irn- 
poffible to defend the place, embarked their troops, after 
having fet on fire the arfenal and (hips. A feene of con¬ 
fufion enfued, fuch as has not been known in the hiftory 
of modern wars. Crowds of people, of every rank, age, 
and fex, hurried on-board the (hips, to avoid the ven¬ 
geance of their enraged countrymen. Some of the in¬ 
habitants began to fire upon their late allies ; others, in 
defpair, were feen plunging into tlie fea, making a vain 
effort to reach the (hips; or putting an end, at once, to 
their own exiftence- upon the fliore. Thirty-one (hips of 
the line were found by the Britifti at Toulon; thirteen 
were left behind ; ten were burnt; four had been pre- 
vioufly fent to the French ports of Breft and Rochefort, 
with five thoufand republicans who could not be trufted ; 
and Great Britain finally obtained by this expedition three 
fliips of the line and live frigates.—Lord Hood alfo took 
poll'effioa 
