F R A 
tered the hall with cockades, on wliich was written, 
“ Bread, and the conftitution of 1793.’’ A citizen of the 
party of the convention r a filly tore off the hat of one of 
the infurgents, and was immediately affaulted wirh fwords 
by the multitude. He fled towards the prefldent’s chair, 
and was killed at the fide of it by a mufket fhot. Ferand, 
one of the members, having attempted to refcue him, was 
alfo attacked. Heefcaped into one of the paflages, where 
he was alfo killed-, and his head was brought into the 
convention upon a pike. The members now gradually 
departed, and left the hall in poflellion of the infurgents, 
who propofed a variety of laws favourable to the Jacobins, 
which were inffantly decreed. Duroi, Dnquefnoi, Bour- 
botte, and Goujon, were the members who flood forward 
on this occafion, and appeared as chiefs of the infurreftion. 
But their triumph was rafli and tranfitory ; in the evening 
a large body of citizens joined the military, and reffored 
the powers of the convention. But the Jacobins did not 
yet give up their caufe. On the following day they again 
aflembled in the fuburbs, and marched with fome pieces 
of cannon, which they pointed againft the hall of the con¬ 
vention. The afl'embly alarmed and unprotected, at¬ 
tempted not to fubdue, but to flatter, the infurgents. 
A deputation of the members was fent out to fraternife 
with them, and to carry forth two decrees palled at that 
inftant, which ordained that bread fhould abound, and 
that Robefpierre’s conftitution of 1793 fhould immediately 
be put in force. The infurgents, in return, fent a depu¬ 
tation to the convention, to exprefs their fatisfaftion 
with the decrees, and to demand the releafe of the impri- 
foned patriots; they then, on the 22d, convened a large 
meeting of the Jacobins in the fuburb St. Antoine, who 
were occupied in confultations for new movements. But 
on the following day the citizens aflembled at their fec- 
tions, and haftened from thence to the Thuilleries to de¬ 
fend the legal afl'embly. Conliderable bodies of the mi¬ 
litary were collected, and the afl'embly now refolved to 
a£t with vigour. A decree was palled, declaring, that if 
the fuburb St. Antoine did not inffantly furrender its arms 
and cannon, together with the murderer of Ferand, it 
fhould be confidered as in a (late of rebellion. The in¬ 
furgents, inverted on every fide, were compelled to fur- 
render. Several foldiers found among the prifoners were 
inffantly put to death ; and fix members of the conven¬ 
tion were tried and condemned by a military commiftion. 
Three of thefe perifhed by fuicide, and three were exe¬ 
cuted. The convention, elated by this victory, ordered 
back Collot d’Herbois, Billaud Varennes, and Barrere, to 
take their trial; but the two former had efcaped before 
the arrival of the courier. Barrere only remained, and he 
was brought back and imprifoned. This is called by the 
French writers in/urr t [lion des premiers jours du Prairial. 
After the fall of Robefpierre and the Mountain party, 
it might have been expeCted that the rigour with which 
the innocent and unfufpeCting dauphin had been treated, 
would have been foftened : but virtue and humanity had 
yet no (hare in the councils of the republic. Four months 
after the deflruClion of Robefpierre, Lequinio pronounced 
that France would never be at peace while the offspring 
of Capet remained among them ; and moved that the 
committee of government fhould devife means of fending 
the fon of Louis out of the French dominions. This was 
decreed ; but no fubfequent meafures were publicly 
adopted. At length, death delivered the legiflators from 
their embarraflinent, and their viClim from his woes. As 
fufpicions were entertained that his fate had been accele¬ 
rated by poifon, three furgeons were commifiioned to exa¬ 
mine his body. They made a report, that he died of a 
Scrofulous complaint ; but the general opinion ftill every 
where exifts, that he was poifoned ; and the untimely 
death of the three furgeons, Duffault, Doubler, and Chop- 
part, ftrongly corrobates the fa Cl. The dauphin died on 
the 9th of June, 1795. 
While the draggles of thefe contending faClions thus 
operated in the capital, the progrefs of the French arms 
Vol. VII. No. 470. 
N C E. 805 
was attended with the mod brilliant fuccefs. Hoche was 
now releafed from prifon, and placed inftead of Roflignol 
at the head of the army in La Vendee. He Toon reftored 
difcipline to his forces; and by his artifice, no lefs than 
his exertions in the field, promoted a treaty, which gua. 
ranteed to the Vendeans freedom of worfhip, an exemp¬ 
tion from requifitions, and even from taxes, for a certain 
number of years, and held out to them illufory promifes 
of repairing the devaftations committed by the republican 
troops.- 
After the re-conqueft of Toulon, the troops employed 
in that expedition diredled their exertions againft the 
Spaniards, whofe progrefs in the Pyrenees gave fo much 
alarm to the fouthern departments. General Dugommier 
commanded in the eaftern divifion, and was oppofed by the 
count de l’Unlon with the flower of the Spanifh force. 
The fuperior genius of the French foon gave a decided 
fuperiority to the republican caufe. Bagnols was taken 
from the Spaniards by a feint; the French general em¬ 
ployed great labour and expence in forming a road to the 
right of their army, but when he had drawn the attention 
of his adverfaries to that quarter, and they had weakened 
their other points in order to provide for its defence, he 
fuddenly fell upon their centre, broke their line, and 
put the whole army to flight. This brilliant engage¬ 
ment, which took place on the xfl of May 1794, received 
its name from the town of Ceret, near which it took place; 
the republicans gained from the Spaniards all their maga¬ 
zines, tents, camp equipage, two hundred pieces of can¬ 
non, and two thoufand prifoners. 
This fuccefs opened a way for the re-conqueft of Col- 
lioure, Port Vendre, and St. Elmo ; but for thefe opera¬ 
tions a flotilla was judged neceflary, and while waiting for 
its equipment, general Augereau, by order of Dugommier, 
drove the Spaniards from Arles, Prats de Molo, and St. 
Laurent de la Cerda. When the flotilla arrived, the fiege 
of Bellegarde was undertaken at the fame time with thofe 
of Collioure and Port Vendre; Augereau obtained pof- 
feffion of the foundry of St. Laurent de la Monga, the 
only one in Catalonia, and acquired great quantities of 
bombs and balls; and the fteges being prefled with addi¬ 
tional vigour, the Spaniards began ferioufly to prepare for 
a retreat. They had fent off their mofi valuable effedls 
by fea, before the arrival of the French flotilla ; and, in 
the night of the 25th of May, evacuated the forts of St ? 
Elmo, with the redoubts and pods adjacent to Collioure 
and Port Vendre. The garrifons laid down their arms, 
accepting an humiliating capitulation, by which they 
were made to acknowledge the emigrants traitors to their 
country, and that the forts on the French territory had 
been gained only by treachery. The fouthern depart¬ 
ments of France felt unbounded joy at this aufpicious 
event ; and the convention decreed the eredtion of a co¬ 
lumn on the fpot, with an infcription, Here /even thoufand 
Spaniards laid down their arms before the troops of the republic. 
Notwithftanding thole difaflers,the Spaniards peri'evered 
in maintaining Bellegarde ; and having a powerful force 
to relieve this town, a bloody engagement took place, on 
the 13th of Auguff, 1794, in which they were defeated 
with the lofs of 2500 killed, befides a great number of 
wounded and prifoners. The garrifon, however, held 
out a month longer; Dugommier cautioufly avoiding 
every meafure which could damage this important fron¬ 
tier town. His prudence was rewarded with complete 
fuccefs : after a ihott correfpondence, the Spanifh com¬ 
mander furrendered at diferetion ; the garrifon, in number 
a thoufand, were made prifoners of war, and the fortifica¬ 
tions were in the higheft (late of improvement. Dugom¬ 
mier now commenced an invafionof the Spanifh territory, 
but found himfelf oppofed with more than ufual obftinacy. 
He drove to quell this fury of refiftance by means of ter¬ 
ror ; burnirg the town of Cafteila, granting quarter tv 
none, and putting all the inhabitants to th~. fvvord, 061 . 
23. But he did not long furvive this aft of feverity ; 
his camp was attacked in ttie night of the iSth of Novenv 
9T her, 
