818 
FRANCE. 
The French conftantly took advantage of their fuccefs 
by levying contributions; from Frankfort they received 
fix millions of livres (262,500k) in fpecie, and two mil¬ 
lions (87,500k) in provifions. The margrave or Baden, 
the duke of Wurtemburg, the circle of Suabia, and all 
the petty princes whofe eftates are comprehended in it, 
were obliged to purchafe a fufpenfion of arms at an enor¬ 
mous price. Their joint contribution amounted to 
twenty-five millions of livres (1,093,750k) twelve thou¬ 
fand horfes, as many oxen, five hundred thoufand quin¬ 
tals of wheat, rye, and oats, two hundred thoufand pair 
of (hoes, and an immenfe quantity of other neceffaries. 
The king of Pruflia alfo entered into a new treaty with 
the French ; the conditions of which were concealed, 
but its nature appeared in the advantage w hich he took 
of the progrefs of their arms to feize certain territories 
in Germany, and particularly the fuburbs of Nuremberg, 
under colour of fome antiquated title. Spain alfo entered 
into a treaty offenfive and defenfive with France, which 
was afterwards followed up by a declaration of war againft 
Great-Britain. 
Excepting a part of the mountains of Tyrol, three 
French armies, one under Jourdan, another under Moreau, 
and a third commanded by Bonaparte, now occupied the 
whole country reaching from the frontiers of Bohemia to 
the Adriatic Sea. And now, deferted by all the members 
of the coalition, except Great Britain, the emperor expe¬ 
rienced her liberality in the grant of a loan, which extri¬ 
cated him from prefent difficulties. Having thus the 
command of abundance of money, he was enabled to 
lend one army after another tooppofe Bonaparte in Italy, 
while he recruited his armies in Germany by extenfive 
levies, and by taking into his pay the troops of thofe 
Hates that had made peace with France. 
The archduke, having received powerful reinforce¬ 
ments, refolved to make a Hand, on the nth of Auguft, 
againft Moreau at Umenheim. A fevere battle was 
fought, during feventeen hours, and one of the wings of 
the Auftrian army under general Riefe had fucceeded in 
occupying four leagues of territory in the rear of the 
French army ; but the archduke having received intelli¬ 
gence that Wartenfleben could not maintain his ground 
againft Jourdan, he thought it necefrary to orders retreat, 
and to adopt new meafures. He now conceived the bold 
project of leaving a fmall force to keep Moreau in check, 
while with the main army he fhould fall on Jourdan, and 
overwhelm him with fnperior numbers. Having formed 
the neceflluy preparations, he recalled his troops from the 
other fide of the Danube, burnt the bridge of Donau- 
wert, and prefled forward on this expedition. Unexpect¬ 
ed circumftances had obliged Wartenfleben to retire from 
the town of Ambergto Schvvartzenfeld behind the Naab;~ 
and the archduke in confequence advancing more to the 
right than he had originally intended, arrived at Hemtnan. 
General Nauendorf attacked the French divifion under 
Bernadotte on the 22d of Auguft, and drove them from 
the village of Teining. Hotze attacked and purfued 
them to Altdorf, while fquadrons of Aufirian cavalry and 
light infantry occupied the high road to Nuremberg. 
Thefe judicious manoeuvres placed the archduke on the 
right flank of Jourdan’s armyj and he concerted meafures 
for a general attack ; but the JSrench commander, apprif- 
ed of Bernadotte’s defeat, abandoned all his polls, and 
retired to Amberg on the 23d. The Andrians purfued 
and compelled him to fall back, to Sultzbach with the 
lofs of nine hundred priioners, and two battalions of his 
rear-guard cut to pieces. 
General Nauendorf with ten thoufand men was dif- 
patched to reinforce Latour, and,prevent Moreau from 
taking advantage of his reduced force, while the arch- 
duk . prepared to expel Jourdan from Franconia. As a 
necellary preliminary, he lent general Hotze to Wurtz- 
burg, who drove cut the,French garrifon and poffeffed 
htmlelf of the citadel. Jourdan had been equally anxious 
£0 preferve this port, but arrived too late, and failed in a 
fpirited attempt, to expel the Aurtrians. His fenfe of 
honour, however, impelled him to rifk a battle for the 
prefervation of his conquefts, and having fele&ed a mod 
advantageous pofition, he waited with firmnefs the ap¬ 
proach of his opponent. The archduke, having thrown 
a bridge acrofs the Mein, divided his army into three 
columns, the left commanded by general Sztarray, the 
centre by Wartenfleben, and the right by Kray. Sztarray, 
who was firfi: engaged, was brought into imminent danger 
by the delay of the other divifions in eroding the river; 
but, the archduke having ordered Wartenfleben to ford 
the Mein with all his cavalry, the timely execution of his 
command faved him from defeat. When the army had 
paffed the river, a general charge was made, and the 
Aurtrians, penetrating through "the woods with fixed 
bayonets, diflodged and drove the republicans in every 
direction. Jourdan loft two thoufand killed and wounded, 
and upwards of three thoufand prifoners, with ten pieces 
of cannon, and a vaft number of baggage and provifion 
waggons, while the lofs of the Aurtrians did not exceed 
eight hundred men. 
After this defeat, Jourdan retired to Hamelbourg, con¬ 
tinuing his retreat towards the Upper Lahn acrofs the 
country of Fold and Wetaravia. The archduke dif- 
patched his right wing under general Kray, againft Wetz- 
laer, which the French abandoned. General Hotze, with 
the left, attempted to diflodge them from Weilburg, but 
without fuccefs. The archduke then prepared to attack 
their centre by a combined operation ; but the French 
evacuated the towns of Dietz and Limbourg, and retired 
behind the Lahn. After many partial Ikirmifhes, in one 
of which general Marceau was (lain, two divifions of the 
French army parted the Rhine at Cologne, and the main 
body reached the intrenched camp before Duffeldorf. 
Thus ended Jourdan’s famous retreat of more than three 
hundred miles in twenty-five days, during which he loft 
nearly half his army. Beurnonville was on this occafion 
promoted to command the army in this quarter, inftead of 
the brave but unluccefsful Jourdan. 
Moreau’s army now ifolated and cut off from that of 
Jourdan, was fuppofed to become an eafy conqtieft. 
Many attacks were made upon him, but all of them 
without fuccefs; and the imperial generals were at laffc 
obliged to give way to him wherever he turned. In this 
interval the eleftor-palatine, terrified at his approach, 
obtained a treaty of peace, by which, in confideration of 
fix millions of livres (437,500k) 3,300 horfes, 200,000 
quintals of grain, 100,000 lacks of oats, 100,000 pair of 
ilioes, 10,000 pair of boots, 30,000 ells of cloth, and 
twenty pidtures to be feledted from the galleries of Duf- 
feldorf and M : ch, Moreau fold to the eledtor a neu¬ 
trality for his dominions in Bavaria, Franconia, and Weft, 
phalia. 
Moreau, perceiving no probability of being joined 
either by the armies of Jourdan or Bonaparte, refolved 
to retreat towards the Rhine through Suabia. He had 
recrofled the Lech to prepare for this event ; but now 
fuddenly parting it again, as if determined to advance far¬ 
ther into Auftria, he drove back general Latour as far as 
Landfperg. Having thus obtained freedom for bis move¬ 
ments, he proceeded between the Danube and the lake of 
Conltance. Latour, however, hung upon his rear. He 
alfo found the partes of the Black Foreft occupied by large 
bodies of Aurtrians, while generals Nauendorf and Pe- 
trarfeh haraffed his right flank with 24,000 men. He 
now again turned upon Latour like a hunted tiger, totally 
defeated him, took no lefs than 5000 prifoners ; whom 
he was able to catry to France. He now continued his 
retreat ; his right wing under Delfaix, keeping Nauen¬ 
dorf and Petrarfch in check, while the reft of the army 
cleared the paflages in front, till he arrived at the Val 
d'Evfer, a narrow' defile running between lofty mountains. 
After this defperate effort he reached Fribourg on the 
13th of October 1796; but was foon compelled by the 
archduke Charles, who had now arrived from the purfuit 
