FRA 
pletely conquered in his rear. On the xft of February lie 
fent a divifion of his army under ViClor, along with the 
Lombard legion, confiding of Italians, to enter the terri¬ 
tory of the pope: and, upon the furrender of Mantua, 
Bonaparte followed in perfon. The troops of the apofto- 
lic fee made feeble refiftance. The new raifed Lombard 
legion was made to try its valour againft them on the river 
Senis on the 2d. After dorming their entrenchments, it 
took their cannon and 1000 priloners.. Urbino, Ancona, 
and Loretto, fuccedively fell an eafy prey. From the 
chapel at Loretto the papal general Colli had carried 
mod of the treafure ; but the French dill found gold and 
diver articles worth one million of livres, and the image 
of the virgin was conveyed as a curiolity to Paris. 
Bonaparte now proceeded through Macerata to Tolen- 
tino. hie was here met by a meffenger from the pope 
with offers of peace ; and he concluded a treaty with his 
holinefs on the 19th of February 1797. By this treaty 
the pope gave up to the French, Avignon, the ConHat, 
Venaiditi, the duchies of Bologna and Ferrara, and the 
legation of Romagna ; agreed to pay fifteen millions of 
livres (656,2501.) befides the twenty-one millons ftipu- 
lated in the armidice, of which five millions only had 
been paid ; the French were to retain poffeffion of tiie 
citadel of Ancona till a general peace fhould beeftablifh- 
ed on the continent, and likewife of the provinces of Ma¬ 
cerata, Umbria, Perugio, and Camerino, till the whole 
thirty-fix millions fhould be paid. They alfo confirmed 
the articles which dipulated the gift of the datties, pic¬ 
tures, and manuferipts. Having effected this grand pur- 
pofe, Bonaparte next employed himfelf in laying under 
contribution the grand duke of Tufcany, and the republic 
of Venice. Thus the French made the entire conqued of 
Italy at the expence of the neutral powers ; and during 
the tremendous conflict, the Audrians are faid to have 
lod feventy-five thoufand men ; and the republicans dxty 
thoufand. 
The advantages obtained by the French in this quarter 
are fummed up in thefe terms. Piedmont invaded, and 
the king of Sardinia forced to an ignominious peace ; 
Lombardy conquered ; both banks of the Po republi- 
canifed ; the king of Naples detached from the coalition ; 
the pope deprived of nearly one-third of his dominions ; 
all the north of Italy a prey to the miferies of war, and 
to political convulfions; that country, but lately fo rich 
and flourifhing, robbed of its wealth and fplendour; and 
a hundred millions of livres (4,375,0001.) extorted from 
the different countries under pretext of purchaling peace, 
ranfom, or neutrality. 
The rapid f'uccefsof Bonaparte in Italy, contributed to 
the refforation of Corfica to France. The ficklenefs of 
the Corficans had given the utmoft uneafinefs to fir Gil¬ 
bert Elliot, the Britifh viceroy ; and the extravagant ex¬ 
pectations of the people had occafioned much unpleafant 
correfpondence from tlie moment the ifland was annexed 
to the Britifh crown: but when Bonaparte was acquiring 
fuch fplendid honours in Italy, his countrymen could no 
longer refill the pride of glorying in his fame, and of at¬ 
taching themfelves to his fortunes. Paoli was obliged 
again to feek refuge in London ; and the Englilh agreed 
to evacuate the ifland, which the French took polfeflion 
ef, December 22, 1796. 
In the Weft Indies the progrefs of the year 1795 had 
alfo been fuccefsful to the French. The Englifn were 
diverted of St. Lucie, St. Vincent’s, and part of Grenada, 
and the maroons of Jamaica were incited to infurreCtion. 
St. Euftatius, which had been taken from the Dutch, was 
re-captured; fort Tiburon in St. Domingo yielded, after 
a brave refinance, to three armed veffels ; and the French 
were unfuccefsful only in an attempt on Dominica. To 
meet this exigency, the Britifh miniftry prepared a power¬ 
ful armament under admiral fir Hugh Chriftian, and placed 
on-board a refpeCtable land force commanded by fir Ralph 
Abercrombie. A tempeftuous winter prevented the fail¬ 
ing of this fquadron till fpring, when its operations were 
3 
N C E. 823 
moftly fuccefsful, St. Lucie was recaptured afteVa vigor" 
ous refiftance ; St. Vincent’s yielded with lefs difficulty ; 
and the rebellion in Grenada was criifhed, though not 
without a dreadful lofs of lives, the brigands having mur¬ 
dered all the white people in their power, and then re¬ 
tired to the woods, where they were exterminated Lv 
riflemen. - ® 
Holland too, which had declared war againft Great 
Britain, fuflered as an ally of France in this quarter of the 
globe. Demarara, Berbice, and Effequibo, with a vart 
quantity of produce, were conquered by a naval force un¬ 
der captain Parr, and a"military detachment under major- 
general Whyte, in September 1796. The progrefs of 
Britiih exertion was, however, checked by the preva¬ 
lence of a diforder dreadfully mortal, called the yellow 
fever : Guadaloupe Hill remained in the hands of the re¬ 
publicans, and fonie advantages gained in Sr. Domingo 
did not make amends for the multitudes fwept away by 
this contagious malady. But not in the Weft Indies alone 
did Holland fuffer ; in the Eaft her mart valuable poffef- 
fions were vvrefted from her. In 1795, Ceylon and Cochin 
yielded to the Englifh force; and the Cape of Good Hope 
was alfo captured. In the enfuing year, Batavia and Arr.- 
boyna, and the reft of .the Molucca Hies, fell into the 
power of England. The Cape of Good Hope the Dutch 
wifhed eagerly to recover ; and for this purpofe they fent 
a fquadron of feven fliips of war, under admiral Lucas, 
to attempt to reconquer that middle ftation between Eu¬ 
rope and India ; but Lucas being no match for the Britifh 
fquadron, the Dutch fleet, without firing a gun, was de¬ 
livered up to the Britifli admiral. 
Notwithftanding the fuperiority of Great-Britain byfea, 
the French, towards the dole of this year, attempted an 
invafion of Ireland ; but the plan was ill concerted, and 
unfuccefsful. The whole conduCt of it was intruded to 
general Hoche. Eighteen fliips of the line, thirteen fri¬ 
gates, twelve (loops, £nd forne tranfports, having twenty- 
five thoufand troops on-board, were employed on this ex¬ 
pedition. The fleet failed on the 10th of December 1796; 
but a fliip of the line was loft in going out of Breft, and 
others were damaged. The frigate in which the com¬ 
mander in chief had embarked, was feparated from the 
fleet in a gale of wind; the confequence was, that when 
the greater part of the fleet arrived at Bantry-bay on the 
weft coaft of Ireland, no one had inftrnCtions how to pro¬ 
ceed. The troops and their officers wifhed to land, but 
the admiral, Bouvet, refufed to comply with their re- 
queft. Having remained feveral days upon the coaft, he 
failed for France, and arrived at Breft with a part of the 
fleet on the 31ft cf December. General Hoclie did not 
reach Bantry-bay till it was too late, and therefore could 
not land. The fleet fuflered great Ioffes in its return. 
One (hip of the line and two frigates foundered at fea, a 
frigate was taken by the Britifh, and a fhip of the line, 
after an engagement with two Britifh (hips, was run afhore 
to prevent her being captured. 
During thefe tranfaCtions, Great Britain had entered 
into a negociation with France; and lord Malmefbury ar¬ 
rived at Paris, and began the negociation with Delacroix, 
the minifter for foreign affairs. Lord Malmefbury pro- 
pofed, that the principle of mutual reftitutions fhould be 
agreed upon as the bafis of the treaty. After much al¬ 
tercation, the directory agreed to the general principle of 
mutual reftitutions, and required that the objects of thefe 
fhould be fpecified. Accordingly, the Britifli ambafiador 
propofed, in two memorials, that France fhould relinquifh 
the Auftrian Netherlands, and offered to give up the 
French foreign iettlements in return. An offer was alfo 
made to reftore a great part of the Dutch foreign poffef- 
fions, cn condition that the ftadtholder’s ancient authority 
fhould be acknowledged in that country. But tile di¬ 
rectory would agree to no conditions contrary to what 
they called the French conflitution ; and it was added, that 
his lordfhip’s farther refidence at Paris was unneceffary. 
The French, in opening their campaign of 1797, had 
bsea 
