834 '. FRA 
part at Feldkirch and part at Bregentz. Having alfem- 
bled great part of his army in tire cantons of Glaris and 
Appenzel, Madeira took port along the left bank of the 
Rhine, from the point where the two fources of that river 
unite, as far as the lake of Conflance ; and fent a fummons 
to Auifenberg, commanding him to evacuate the Grifons 
in two hours. But before any anfwer could be returned, 
he made a general attack on the Auftrian line, diredting 
his chief efforts againft the pod: of Steig. The Aufirians, 
though inferior in numbers and unprepared for the af- 
fault, had the advantage during the whole day ; but in 
the evening the republicans made themfeives makers of 
the paflage and fort of Lucienfteig, forded the Rhine at 
Hag, and cut off the communication between Hotze and 
Auffenberg. They were equally fuccefsful on the enfu- 
ing day, the 7th of March, obliging Auffenberg to retreat 
towards Chur, where he was ; taken prifoner with all his 
followers, and Hotze to return to Feldkirch, The lofs 
of the Aufirians during thefe two days was eftimated at 
twenty-one pieces of cannon, and five thoufand men ; that 
of the French at four thoufand killed and feven hundred 
prifoners. 
'Malfena, by proclamation, declared he would evacuate 
the Grifons whenever the court of Vienna fliould with¬ 
draw its troops; and he promifed to refpedf perfonal li¬ 
berty, property, and opinions, both religious and politi¬ 
cal. Thefe alfurances were followed by a complete re¬ 
volution in the country, and a transfer of the government 
to fome expelled patriots, who, returning with the French 
army, proclaimed their fentiments as the wifhes of the 
whole Grifons. Maffena now directed a detachment from 
the Valteline and the Italian bailiwicks to attack the 
louthern country of the Grifons, while he fhould direct 
his force againft the Voralberg. His right wing under 
Lecourbe, was to ail; between the two; alfailing the weft 
fide of the Tyrol, into which he hoped to penetrate by 
the valleys of the Rhine, the Inn, and the Adige. The 
execution of this plan was commenced by an attack on' 
Feldkirch ; but after repeated affaults during two days, 
March 14 and 15, the French were obliged to retreat 
with fo great lofs, that the directory never publifhed Maf- 
fena’s difpatches. Lecourbe was more fuccefsful; he 
gained polfeflion of almoft all the valley of the Upper and 
Lower Engadine, and took many prifoners ; nor were his 
further proceedings materially impeded by an attack which 
general Loudon made on the villages of Schulz and Zer- 
netz. Defolles, after an obftinate conteft of two days, 
drove the Aufirians from the valley of Bornico ; and now 
Lecourbe was repulfed in a new attack on the village of 
Martinfbruck. Thus impeded, Lecourbe was obliged to 
alfume new meafures, and delay, for fome days, the inva- 
lion of the Tyrol. 
During thefe tranfailions, the archduke, having re¬ 
ceived information of the pafling of the Rhine by the 
French, caufed his own army to pafs the Lech, and take 
poffellion of Ulm. Jourdan for fome time remained fta- 
tionary, while his opponent gained pofTeflion of the line 
of Bregentz, Lindau, Ravenfberg, Biberach, and Ulm, 
thus rendering it impofiible for the French to gain the 
flank of the Tyrol by mere marches. At length Jourdan 
put his troops in' motion ; and, in order to concentrate 
the force of the armies of Helvetia and the Danube, he 
occupied pofitions near Stockach. The archduke, having 
brought his main army, pufhed fome parties as far as that 
place; but, on meeting the French outpofts, they with¬ 
drew without hoflilities. Jourdan was delirous to get be¬ 
tween the archduke and general Hotze ; while the prince 
aimed at feparating Jourdan from Maffena ; but neither 
could obtain his end without fighting, and both prepared 
for action : Jourdan concerted a plan of attack with Maf¬ 
fena ; and the archduke, having fent reinforcements to 
Hotze, went in perfon to infpeift his pofition, and ftrength- 
en his communication. 
The archduke, after driving in the advanced pods of the 
enemy, gained the heights and bridge of Oftrach, and com. 
N C E. 
pelled the centre of the French to fall back to Pfullendorf, 
the right to Palmenfweiller, and the left tp the Danube, 
gaining a pofition in the fame line. The archduke would 
have renewed the attack ; but Jourdan retired towards 
Stockach, and eftablilhed his right at Hohentweil, his 
centre in front of Er.gen, where he had his head-quarters, 
and his left oh the heights of Tutlingen, near the Da¬ 
nube. The imperialids purfued ; and, after feveral fldr- 
mifiies, occupied a well-chofen polition, in the rear of 
Stockach. While the archduke was employing judicious 
edorts to render his dtuation more tenable, Jourdan was 
preparing to take advantage of its defefts, and hoped to 
repair, by a decidve victory, the effefts of thofe difaders 
which had prevented his junction with Maffena beyond 
the lake of Condance. 
The battle of Stockach was fought on the 25th of 
March. Jourdan divided his army into three columns ; 
and at day-break alfailed the imperialids at Steizlingen, 
Aach, and Lyptingen. St. Cyr began the action, by de¬ 
feating, at the latter pod, Meerfield’s vanguard, and 
obliging it to fall back as far as the woods in front of 
Stockach ; while the other divifions came into action with 
equal fpirit, though not with equal effeCt. The arrange¬ 
ments made by the archduke, feconded by the heroifm 
of fome chofen Andrian regiments, dopped for a while 
the progrefs of the French; who retreated occadonally, 
only to return with additional fury to the charge. The 
infantry of the two armies druggled for a long time with 
rival obllinacy, and the carnage was great on both Tides. 
Still victory remained undecided, till the archduke caufed 
fome battalions of grenadiers, which had been detached 
from the left wing, to make an attack upon the left of 
, the Tutlingen road. Thefe battalions, advancing through 
a diower of grape-lhot to the point of the wood occupied 
by the French, took them in flank, and made a whole 
brigade prifoners. This vigorous movement, fupported 
by the co-operation of the columns already engaged, de¬ 
cided the day in favour of the imperialifts. The French, 
driven from the wood,,gave way on all fides, and were 
purfued upon the road to Lyptingen. The night was 
paired on both tides nearly upon the fame ground which 
had been occupied before the battle, and the French re¬ 
tained their prifoners, four thoufand in number. On 
thefe circumftances Jourdan claimed the victory, though 
he was obliged to feek flielter in the defiles of the Black 
Foreft; where fome ntifunderftandings prevailing in his 
army, he repaired to Paris, to confult the higher powers. 
On the day of his departure, April 3, the French camp 
was furprifed at noon, and the Aufirians had nearly pof- 
felled themfeives of the head-quarters. Ernouf, Jour- 
dan’s fuccelTor, began a further retreat, and in a few days 
Suabia was almoft entirely evacuated. The archduke re¬ 
mained with the greater part of his force near the lake of 
Conftance, making vigorous preparations for gaining pof¬ 
fellion of Swift'd land. 
Foiled in their endeavours to penetrate into the north 
of the Tyrol, the French conlidered it the more necelfary 
for their right wing to force its way into the weft of that 
province. DefoLles therefore marched againft Munfter 
and Taufers, and Lecourbe againft the poft of Martin- 
lbruck : both of them were completely fuccefsful ; and 
the Aufirians, attacked on their right from Innthal and 
on their left from Munfterthal by fuperior forces, and 
turned at the fame time by a French column which fell 
upon their rear, they were in turn defeated, and obliged 
to retreat over mountains and precipices before confidered 
as impalfable. Lecourbe thus became mailer of Nauders, 
and Defolles of Glutens, which was reduced to allies. 
The Aufirians loft three thoufand five hundred men, and 
twenty-five pieces of cannon. 
The campaign of J799 in Italy, had not commenced at 
fo early a period as in other quarters. The French pof- 
felfed the whole of thait fine country, except that part of 
the ftate of Venice ceded to the emperor by the treaty of 
Cainpo Formio; they held the duchy of Parma, Tufcany, 
and 
