FRA 
from Zernets, and all the Lower Engadinc. Lecourbe 
was wounded, and general Dumont was taken prifoner by 
the imperialifts. 
The archduke, as foon as he was informed that the 
French had quitted the neighbourhood of Schaffhaufen, 
difpatched fome light troops to hang upon their rear, 
while he eftablifhed a bridge of boats over the Rhine, in 
lieu of the celebrated bridge of Schafthaufen, which had 
been burnt down. The armies of the archduke and Hotze 
having tints acquired a firm footing in Swiflerland, their 
next objedt was to effect a junction ; but Maffena, who 
had by retreating concentrated his forces, and was cor- 
redtly apprifed of the movements of his opponents, fpee- 
dily advanced, hoping to attack them with advantage in 
their march. His meafuYes were fo well ccndudted that 
he was enabled on the 25th of May, to defeat the advanced 
guard under general Nauendorf, and a divifion under ge¬ 
neral Petrafch ; the effect of which was to compel the 
Auftrian army to adopt a retrograde movement. The 
check was not, however, of fufticient magnitude to pre¬ 
vent the Auftrians from fpeedily refuming the offenfive. 
The imperial forces united, formed an aggregate of fifty- 
five thoufand men ; and as Maffena could not mutter an 
equal number to oppofe them, he became fearful of be¬ 
ing outflanked, and therefore retired to the Glatt, and 
fubfequently to a Itrong pofition before Zurich. The 
pofition which Maffena had affumed, was a chain of for¬ 
tified mountains, fituated between the Limmat and the 
Glatt : and he added to the ftrength bellowed on it by 
nature all that art could fupply. As the archduke could 
make no progrefs till he had diflodged the French from 
this pofition ; and as an attempt to turn their flank would 
have been dangerous, he made his attack on the Zurich- 
berg, the rhoft elevated part of the chain of mountains, 
knowing that the forcing of that would fecure to him the 
reft. Having reconnoitered the pofition, he on the 3d of 
June alfailed the right of the French, and after feveral vi- 
cilfitudes and an obftinate conteft, drove them from Vit- 
tikon, Zulicon, and Riefpach. On the 4th, Zurichberg 
was alfailed; but the approaches were fo formidably en¬ 
trenched and the fire of the batteries fo commanding, 
that the utmoft valour and perfeverance of the Auftrians 
could only acquire poffeffion of the firft line of intrench- 
ments. This was a inoft fanguinary and doubtful con¬ 
flict; each pary loft two thoufand five hundred men : on 
the fide of the imperialifts general Hotze, Wallis, and 
Hiller; and on the* fide of the republicans, generals Ou- 
dinot and Humbert, were wounded. A new effort was 
intended to be made on the next day; but Maffena reti¬ 
red to the other fide of the Limmat, leaving to the vic¬ 
tors bis intrenched camp, with thirty pieces of cannon, 
and the town of Zurich. Maffena took a new pofition on 
the chain of mountains called Albis; being the neareft, 
fafeft, and ftrongeft, he could affume. The Auftrians 
w ere in too great need of repofe to prefs forward immedi¬ 
ately on a new enterprife ; and therefore confined them- 
felves, for fome time, to (light fkirmifhes. Indeed, nearly 
the w hole month of j une elapfed without any further ex¬ 
ertion on the part of the archduke or of Maffena in Swif- 
ferland ; but, on the 3d of July, the French general, 
wifliing to afeertain the ftrength of his opponent’s left 
■wing, made an attack on general Jellachich, in the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Zug : he obtained fome advantages but was 
obliged to retreat on the enfuing morning. A fimilar at¬ 
tempt made on the i6th by the Auftrians, under general 
Hotze, met with nearly the fame fate. 
From thefe feenes the attention is called to Italy, where 
Moreau, having been compelled to yield the Milanefe to 
the allies, found Iris fituation extremely embarrafling, 
having no more than twenty-five thoufand men to pre- 
fierve his communications with Swifferland, to defend the 
approaches of Turin, to cover the fortified places of eaft- 
ern Piedmont, to fecure the paffes of the Appennines, to 
leave to the army of Naples the means of effecting its re¬ 
treat, and to fupprefs the infmreCtions which were break- 
yoL. VII, No. 472, 
N C E. 837 
ing out againft him on all fides. Moreau whofe great 
abilities were put to the teft, and rnoft honourably proved 
on this trying fituation, retreated to an excellent politi m. 
His right refted on Alexandria and on the Tanaro; his 
left on Valentia and the Po. Thus, on one fide he fup- 
ported Tortona ; and on the other gave protection to Tu¬ 
rin. He preferved, at the fame time, communications 
with France, as well as with the Genoefe territory, and 
confequently with the army of Naples. He had alfo the 
advantage of fixing the allies in the centre of Italy, by 
which lie expected to oblige them to wafte the campaign 
in a war of ports and fieges, and thus retard, or prevent, 
projects for invading France, and give time for the col¬ 
lection of new armies. 
Suvvarrow, on entering Milan, ordered his troops to 
purfue the retreating republicans; and, leaving four thou¬ 
fand men under general Latterman to blockade the caftle^ 
he put his army in motion on the rft of May. General 
Wuckaffowich marched on the right towards the Nova- 
refe and the country of Vercelli, the centre towards the 
Pevefan and the Lumelline, and the left towards the Plai- 
fantin and the Tortonefe, and in three days the marefchal 
eftablifhed his head-quarters at Pavia, In the mean time 
Kray had been impeded by the rains from opening the 
trenches before Pef'chiera; but on a fecond fummons, on 
the 5th, the garrifon abridged his labours by furrender¬ 
ing. Pizzighitone was alfo given up on the 9th, to ge¬ 
neral Kaim, after a bombardment of five days. 
When Suvvarrow comprehended the nature of Moreau’s 
movements, he reduced his own to three principal points; 
-to interrupt Moreau’s communications with Swiflerland 
and France, to cut off that which he had with Tufcany 
and the army of Naples, and to oblige him to quit his 
well-chofen pofition. The means to accomplifh at once 
thefe three objeCts w'ere, to extend his line on Moreau’s 
right and left, andjjain, as much as poflible, his flanks! 
With this view Kami’s divifion parted the Po at Pavia on 
the 1 ith, advanced to Tortona, broke open its gates, took 
poffeffion of the city, and mafked the citadel. On the 
fame day the centre of the allied army threw feveral hun¬ 
dred men acrofs the Po, a part of whom were captured 
by the French; and during feveral fucceeding days, fe- 
vere fkirmifhes were maintained with great lofs to both 
parties. At length, Moreau, finding his left flank it» 
danger, abandoned his pqfttfon on the 19th, and eltab- 
liflied his head-quarters at Coni. He left to the allies 
the whole plain of Lombardy, and confined himfelf to pre- 
ferviijg the communications with France by the Col de 
Tende and the valley of Argentiere, and with the Rivi¬ 
era di Genoa by the maritime Alps. 
Suwarrow, after compelling Moreau to quit his pofi¬ 
tion, marched the combined army towards Turin ; in 
which was a garrifon of two thoufand five hundred troops. 
The city was taken by affault on the 26th of May ; but 
the garrifon, who had rtiut themfelves up in the citadel, 
would foon have reduced the town to allies, had not Su¬ 
warrow fubmitted to a convention, by which the French 
engaged not to fire on the town, provided the allies (liould 
abltain from affailing the citadel from that quarter. 
The imperialifts had thus in two months of the cam- 
paign gained three pitched battles, taken four fortreffes, 
made themfelves mailers of the courfe of tlie Po, carried 
their right to the frontiers of France, and their left to 
the Adriatic Sea. A Ruffian and a Turkifh fquadrou 
blocked up the port of Ancona, yind bombarded that 
city. Klenau occupied the country of Ferrara, and a 
great part of that of Bologna; blockaded Urbino ; and 
fent fkirmi filing parties as far as the frontiers of Tufcany. 
General Ott occupied the duchies of Parma and Modena, 
and had his advanced ports in the Appennines. Kray, 
who had been joined by the corps which belieged the 
caftle of Milan, and by reinforcements brought from the 
hereditary countries, left fifteen thoufand men before 
Mantua, palled the Po with an equal number to fuccour 
the diviftons of Ott and Klenau, and placed his head- ; 
quarters _ 
