FRA 
of lo.ooo; he added, that two years of war had fnbjefted 
him to extraordinary expences, and that he ufed great 
moderation in confor ming himfelf to the treaty in qnef- 
tion. M. de Cedertlrom only ottered, in the name of his 
court, 100,000 piaftres for the redemption of the Sweditti 
flaves, who were to the number of 150, and an annuity of 
5000 piaftres. After much debate, I fucceeded in making 
them fign a treaty, which fixed the payment of the ran- 
fom at 150,000 piaftres, and the annuity at 8000. On the 
ift of Odtober I was prefented, with much pomp, to tlie 
pacha, who received me in the mod diftinguilhed manner. 
The exchange of the ratification of the treaty of peace 
took place, and the Italian republic was formally acknow¬ 
ledged. I can fed its flag to be hoifted on the commiffarial 
houfe of France, and it was fainted by the frigate and 
the place with twenty-one guns. It was not without dif¬ 
ficulty that the pacha confented to acknowledge that re¬ 
public. He feared that all Italy was comprifed in this 
new republic, and that, in confequence, he fhould be 
obliged to refpertt, indiferiminately, all the (hips of com¬ 
merce of that part of Europe: this would deftroy his 
marine-. I gave him the neceffary explanations,and par¬ 
ticularly thofe which related to the objedt of his appre- 
henfions, and he replied to me, “ Certainly I wifli to be 
at peace with the Italian republic, without too much in¬ 
juring my intereft ; but if it were (fill more difficult, I 
would do it, fince the great Bonaparte defires it.” The 
pacha of Tripoli is a brave and enterprifing man, the 
friend of France. The Englifh have furniflied fuccours 
to his brother, wlro is at prefent at Derue, without means 
or credit. His plan is to raife the country againft the bey. 
The political and adminiftrative affairs of the regency are 
conducted by Seid-Muharnmed-el-Deghuis, minifterof the 
pacha. This man is full of fagacity, and has even fome 
notions of European politics. He has been in France, and 
preferves for our country a predominant fentiment of af¬ 
fection. On the 2d of October I fet out from Tripoli, 
and on the 16th arrived at Alexandria : the fame day I 
waited upon general Stuart, commandant of the Engli(h 
forces by land and fea. I communicated to him the order 
of the minifter for foreign affairs, which enjoined me to 
proceed to Alexandria, and if the Englifh (till occupied 
that place, to demand a fpeedy evacuation, and the exe¬ 
cution of the treaty of Amiens. General Stuart then told 
me, that the evacuation of the place would fhortly be ef¬ 
fected ; but feeing that I infilled, and that I deiired an 
atifwer lefs vague, he declared to me, that he had no or¬ 
ders from his court to quit Alexandria, and that he even 
believed he fhould pafs the winter there. General Stuart 
is a man of mediocre talents : he has for his aid-de-camp, 
a French emigrant, called the chevalier de Sades, a man 
of talent, and an enemy of France, who has much in¬ 
fluence over the general. I went the fame day to fee 
Khourchid-Ahmid, the pacha of Alexandria, and the 
capitan bey, commander of the forces of the Ottoman 
Porte. After the cuftomary compliments, and fome lan¬ 
guage agreeable to the fublime Porte, I announced to 
them, that the agents of French commerce would affenp 
ble in Egypt. This communication gave them the greateft 
pleafure, and they did not conceal that they faw with grief 
the Itay of the Englifh in the country. I told them that 
their ftay could not be much longer, and that the general 
peace left no doubt of their approaching departure. On 
the 17th I vilited the cheik El-Meffiry. The fame day I 
atfo vifited the cheik Ibrahim Mufti. On the 18th 1 vi- 
fited the coupure du Kalidj, which has formed the lake 
Mareotis. The current of the waters of the lake Madie 
is (till very ftrong, and if the Porte does not make hafte 
to-.re-eftablifh this important canal, the overflows which 
take place on the little tongue of land that (eparates the 
two lakes, will render the opening to confiderable, that it 
will be impoffible to travel. I do not think that the Swe¬ 
ditti engineer, lent by the Porte to direift tliefe labours, 
has the neceffary talents. The formation of the lake 
Mareotis appears to have contributed to the h.lubrity of 
Voi.. VII. No. 474. 
N C E. S53- 
the air. The city has no other water than w hat it draws 
from the wells of Marabouf. This little fort I found 
guarded by an Englilh and Turkifti garrifon, in order to 
protebf the inhabitants who came to draw water. I em¬ 
ployed the day of the 19th in perambulating the town, 
and receiving different individuals who came to vilit me. 
On the 20th I fet out for Cairo, efcorted by two Turkifh 
officers, and fix French foldiers, whom I had taken on¬ 
board the frigate, but contrary winds obliged me to re¬ 
turn to the port. The next day I was at Aboukir, where 
I patted the night. I profited by this opportunity to vitlt 
the fort, which is in a very ruined (late. On the 22d I 
arrived at R'ofetra, after having vilited the fort Juiien ; I 
faw the fame day Ofman, aga and duvnnny of the town, 
as well as the Chriftiuns who relide there. The 23d I was 
at Faone, where I vilited the commandant of the place, 
the cadi, and the cheiks; I received from the latter, and 
from all thofe whom I entertained, proteftations of at¬ 
tachment to the firtt conful. I patted the next day at 
Rahmanie, where I vifited the cheik Muhammed Abou- 
Ali ; the fort of the town is almoft entirely dettroyed. I 
vifited on the 25th, at Menouf, the cheik Abdin, whom 
the firtt conful had appointed cadi. The other cheiks of 
■that town who came to vilit me, held the fame language 
as thofe ot Faone. I laid to them, “ The firft conful 
loves yc-ur country much, he fpeaks of it often; he in- 
teiefts h imfelf in your happinefs ; lie did not forget you, 
and recommended you to the Porte. He has made peace 
with Europe, and this country will feel the interett which 
he takes, and the recollection which he has preferved of 
the poor cheiks of Egypt.” Muhammed Kachef-Zourba 
Matzellem, who commanded at Menouf, on my journey- 
through that town, has been beheaded in confequence of 
being accufed of communications with the mamelukes. 
The two forts of Menouf are dettroyed. I arrived the 
fame day at Boulak. I fent immediately citizen Joubert 
to inform the pacha of Cairo of my arrival. The next 
morning, the 26th, the pacha fent three hundred cavalry 
and two hundred infantry, commanded by the principal 
officers of his houfehold, to accompany me to him, amidft: 
a great many difeharges of artillery. Having arrived at 
the pacha’s, I fuid to him, “ Peace has been concluded 
between the French republic and the Sublime Porte ; the 
ancient relations of amity and commerce have been re-efta- 
blifhed, and I am charged by the great conful Bonaparte, 
to affure you of his benevolence, and to announce to 
you the arrival of commiffaries of the French commerce 
in Egypt.” The pacha anfwered me, “ The benevolence 
with which the firft conful has honoured me, penetrates 
me with gratitude, and his commercial agents (hall meet 
here the mod friendly reception.” I proceeded then to 
the houte which the pacha had prepared for me. I re¬ 
ceived, the fame day, the vilits of all the principal men of 
the country, and of the copt intendants. On the 27th I 
again repaired to the pacha, w ith whom I had a long con¬ 
ference. i fpoke to him in thefe words : “ The firtt con¬ 
ful takes in you, and the country which you govern, a 
very lively intereft, and defires to contribute to your 
happinefs ; he has charged me, therefore to otter you 
his mediation, in order to make peace between you and 
the beys.” 
The pacha thanked me warmly and fincerely for the in¬ 
terett which the firft cojiful took in his behalf, but lie pro- 
tefted tome, that he had the molt pofitive orders from his 
court to make a war of extermination upon the beys, and 
not to eiiter into any arrangement with them. I observed, 
that the unfortunate circumftances which had happened 
to the Ottoman troops (they had been beaten five times 
fuccefiively by the mamelonks), rendered their pofition 
very critical, and that obtlinacy expofed them to the lofs 
of the province. He then communicated to me the order 
of the Porte, and I faw, beyond a doubt,,,that it was not 
potlible for him to enter into any accommodation. I in¬ 
formed him that I intended to vilit the different cheiks of 
Cairo, and ;tlto madame Murad Bey, and to infpedt the 
10 H environs 
