*72 FRA 
G-ermany and the Voralberg were in two divifions ; one 
under the chief command of the archduke Ferdinand ; 
and the other under generals Jellachich and Wolfskehl ; 
the advanced corps were under the chief command of 
field-marefchal baron Mack. The chief command of 
the divifion in the weftern Tyrol, was confided to field- 
marefchal baron Auffenberg. 
The Ruffians had ftipulated to march into the field with 
200,000 men, tinder general Kutufow as commander in 
chief of the firfl diviiion, and generals Buxhovden and 
Michelfon as commanders in chief of thofe which were 
to follow : but this army was not prepared, and only a 
fmall proportion of it had marched into the pofitions al¬ 
lotted to them. The number of troops to be furnifhed 
by Sweden was never afcertained ; nor did they come at 
all into adtion. Nor did the Englifh troops, which were 
to co-operate with the Swedes and Hanoverians in forming 
a confiderable armament in the rear of the French, ever 
march to their deftination. 
The firft advantage gained by the French at the opening 
of the campaign, wms the acceffion of the eledtor of Ba¬ 
varia to their caufe, who was driven into their arms by 
the violent behaviour and tinreafonable demands of Aus¬ 
tria. The French army in Suabia, which, even with a 
junction of the Bavarian troops with thofe of Auffria, 
would have been fuperior to the Auftrian forces in point 
of numbers, was by this means nearly doubled. Auffria 
did not perceive her error with refpedt to the views of 
Bavaria, till in a diredl courfe from her own limits to the 
Rhine, which alone feparates France from the German 
ffates, fhe had completely eroded Bavaria, and entered 
Suabia, which lies beyond it. The objedt of the arch¬ 
duke Ferdinand appears to have been to have palled the 
Rhine, and carried the war into the heart of France by 
entering the province of Alface: he here found, how¬ 
ever, that the French army oppofed to him was too ffrong 
for him ; that it had anticipated him in eroding that river; 
and that Bavaria, inffead of uniting with him, was on the 
point of fulfilling its treaty with France by the co-opera¬ 
tion of thirty thoufand troops. Inffead of advancing, 
therefore, he was compelled to retreat; and in doing this 
he made choice of a ffrong and almoft impregnable fitua- 
tion for his encampment in the interior of Suabia, and on 
the banks of the Danube ; at the fame time that field- 
rparfhal baron Mack was ordered to take his pofition un¬ 
der the walls of the ffrong town of Ulm. 
The French troops, after csoffing the Rhine, had ap¬ 
proached towards the banks of the Danube, when they 
made a general halt to take breath and receive frefh or¬ 
ders. Napoleon foon put the whole army again in motion ; 
which inffantly began to a£t upon a plan conceived wiih 
Rich genius, and executed with fuch boldnefs and rapidi¬ 
ty, that nothing could ftand before it. On the 6th of 
October, the fecond divifion of that part of the corps 
under marefchal Soult commanded by general Vandamme, 
made a forced march, r.efted only two hours at Nordlingen, 
arrived at Donawerth at eight o’clock in the evening, and 
gained polleflion of the bridge, which was defended by 
the regiment of Colloredo. A (kirmith took place, in 
which fome Auftrians were killed and taken prifoners. 
On the 7th, at break of day, prince Murat arrived with 
his dragoons. The bridge had juft been repaired, and 
prince Murat, with the divifion of dragoons commanded 
by general Wattier, advanced to the Lech, and ordered 
colonel Wattier, at the head of two hundred dragoons of 
the 4th regiment, to pafsover ; who, after a very brilliant 
charge, took the bridge of the Lech, and routed the 
Auftrians, whofe force was double. 
On the 8th, marefchal Soult fet out with the two divi¬ 
fions of Vandamme and Legrande, on his way to Augf- 
burgh ; whilft general St. Hilaire, with his divifion, ad¬ 
vanced thither by the left bank. On the fame morning 
prince Murat, at the head of the divifions of dragoons of 
generals Beaumont and Klein, and of the divifions of ca- 
rabiniers and cuirafliers, commanded by Nanfouty, began 
N C E. 
his march, for the pnrpofe of cutting off the road from 
Ulm to Augfburgh. When he had arrived at Wertingen, 
he perceived a ffrong divifion of the enemy’s infantry, flip, 
ported by four fquadrons of duke Albert’s cuirafliers. He 
immediately brought them to a£tion. Marefchal Lafnes, 
who followed thefe divifions of cavalry, arrived with part 
of the divifion of Oudinot; one brigade only was in time 
to charge. The adtion was uncommonly fevere. All the 
cannon, colours, almoft all the officers who fought at 
Wertingen, were taken : a great number Were killed. Two 
lieutenant-colonels, fix majors, fixty officers, and four 
thoufand foldiers, were made prifoners. The remainder 
were difperfed; and what efcaped owed their fafety to a 
morafs, which flopped a column that was turning the 
enemy. Excelmans, aid-de-camp of prince Murat, had 
two horfes killed under him. Colonel Arrighi, at the 
head of his regiment of dragoons, charged the regiment of 
cuirafliers of duke Albert w ith lingular impetuofity, and 
had his horfe killed under him. That column of grena¬ 
diers, the flower of the Auftrian army, having formed in 
a fquare of four battalions, was penetrated and cut down. 
The 12th battalion of dragoons charged in the wood. 
Thefe twelve battalions of grenadiers were marching in 
great hafte from the Tyrol to the afiiftance of the Auftrian 
army in Bavaria. 
Marefchal Soult, with his divifions,.—manoeuvred, 
throughout the whole of the 7th and 8tli r on the left bank 
of the Danube, in order to intercept the communication 
with Ulm, and to obferve the corps which appeared to be 
ftill collected in that place. On the 10th, he purfued an 
Auftrian divifion, which had taken poft at Aicli3, drove 
it from thence, and on the nth, at noon, entered Augf¬ 
burgh, with the divifions of Vandamme, St. Hilaire, and 
Legrande. On the 10th, in the evening, marefchal Da- 
vouff, who had eroded the Danube at Nieuburgh, alfo 
arrived at Aicha with his three divifions. 
General Marmont, with the divifions of Boudet, Grou¬ 
chy, and the Batavian divifion of general Dumonceau, 
paffed the Danube, and took a pofition between Aicha 
and Augfburgh; while the army under marefchal Ber- 
nadotte, together with the Bavarian corps, took their 
pofition at ingolffadt. The imperial guard, commanded 
by general Beffieres, proceeded to Augfburgh; as like- 
vvife the diviiion of cuirafliers, under the command of 
general Huutpoult. 
Prince Murat, with the divifion of Klein and Beaumont, 
and the divifion of carabineers and cuirafliers under gene¬ 
ral Nanfouty ,haftened to the village of Zufmerhaufen, 
in order to intercept the road from Ulm to Augfburgh. 
Marefchal Lafnes, with the grenadier divifion of Oudinot, 
and the divififin of Sachet, alio tofik poll the fame day 
near the village of Zufmerhaufen. 
The emperor Napoleon now paffed in review the dra¬ 
goons of Zufmerhaufen : he ordered to be brought before 
him a dragoon, named Marente, who, in the paffage of 
the Lech, had faved his captain, that a few days before 
had cafhiered him from his rank. His majefty beftowed 
upon him the eagle of the legion of honour. The em¬ 
peror then exprefled his fatisfadion to the dragoons for 
the condud they difplayed in the affair of Wertingen. 
He ordered each regiment to prefent a dragoon, on whom 
he alfo beftowed the eagle of the legion of honour. 
Marefchal Ney on his fide, with the divifions of Waller, 
Dupont, and Loifon, the diviiion of dragoons of general 
Barraguay d’Hilliers, and the divifion of Gazan, afeended 
the Danube, and attacked the enemy in their pofition at 
Gramberg. The rain fell heavily; but nothing could 
abate the ardour of the foldiers, or retard the forced 
marches of the grand army. The emperor fet the exam¬ 
ple night and day ; lie continually^appeared in the midft 
of his troops, in every point where his prefence could 
animate them to brave danger, and pufti forward to frefh 
victory. 
The adion at Wertingen was followed, within the fpace 
of twenty-four hours, by the (jattle of Gunfburgh, Maref- 
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