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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BOTANY OF BORNEO. 
Borneo, and very many of them are of greater value and 
are of more importance than are many of the titles that 
have been admitted in this bibliography. However, it was 
necessary to make some arbitrary distinction in order to 
keep the present paper within reasonable limits. It is 
felt, moreover, that most of the standard works of the 
above authors would be available in any large working 
library. 
Little attention has been given to the literature of 
special groups of the lower plants, such as the mosses, 
hepatics, fungi, and lichens. In all of these groups a 
special literature has been built up, and for information 
regarding it reference may be had to Saccardo’s * Sylloge 
Fungorum ’ for the fungi; to De Toni’s ‘ Sylloge Algarum’ 
for the algae; to Stephani’s 4 Species .Hepaticarum ’ for the 
hepatics; to Paris’ ‘Index Bryologicus ’ for the mosses; 
to Engler & Prantl’s ‘ Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien ’ 
for all, and to other literature on these special groups. 
One class of publications has been included, although 
it contains only occasional references to Borneo. This 
class includes the most important published ‘ Floras ’ on 
surrounding countries that have many species in common 
with Borneo, such as British India, the Malay Peninsula, 
Indo-China, Sumatra, Java, and the Malay Archipelago as 
a whole. 
In preparing this bibliographical list one rather curious 
fact has been brought to light, and this is, that with a 
single exception in the pre-Linnean botanical literature, 
and a single exception in the post-Linnean botanical 
literature—-and this a doubtful one—no direct references 
have been found to Borneo before the year 1889. The 
exception in the pre-Linnean literature is Bumphius’ 
‘ Herbarium Amboinense ’ (1741-55), in which about eight 
references to Borneo have been noted; and in the post- 
Linnean literature De Candolle’s doubtful reference to 
Pluchea indica, Less., noted above. 
This paucity of references to Borneo in the early 
botanical literature is readily explained. Those parts of 
the Orient that first received attention from botanists were 
chiefly those countries or islands colonized by the Europeans 
at an early date, or in which trading or mission stations 
were established, such as Ceylon, Amboina, India, Malacca, 
Cochinchina, Java, and the Philippines. Thus as early 
as 1717 we have Hermann’s ‘ Musseum Zeylanicum ’; 
in 1787 Burman’s ‘ Thesaurus Zeylanicus ’; in 1747 
