BY J. C. MOULTON. 
139 
I am indebted to the Librarian of the Royal Geographical 
Society, London, for references to some of the articles dis¬ 
cussed in the following pages ; to Capt. F. C. Learmonth, 
R.N., for his courteous permission to use his maps of the 
Kinabalu district; to Miss Gibbs and Dr. Pilz for sending 
me copies of their papers; and to Mr. P. C. M. Yeitch for 
giving me some interesting information about his journey 
to Kinabalu in 1877 with the late Mr. Burbidge. 
I.—Summary of Accounts of Visits to Kinabalu. 
[1844. Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Samarang 
1848. By Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, B.N., C.B., E.R.A.S., 
F.G.S., &c. Vol. i. p. 190, he writes : “ Our observations 
from several positions afford the mean height of its peak to 
be 13,698 ft.” These observations were made in November, 
1844.] 
1851. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern 
Asia. 1852. Vol. vi. pp. 1-17.—“ Notes of an ascent of 
the mountain Kina-Balow.” This is Sir Hugh Low’s 
account of his first expedition. 
He left Labuan February 21st, 1851, reached Kimanis 
on the 24th, and the mouth of the Tuaran on the 26th. 
He followed the Tuaran route to Koung, stopping at 
Bawang, Kalawat, and Bungol on the way. He reached 
Koung on the morning of March 6th and Kiau that after¬ 
noon. His notes on the size of these villages are of inte¬ 
rest for comparison with the greatly reduced numbers 
living in these same places to-day. Of Kalawat he says: 
“A collection of about forty houses”; Bungol, “about 
one hundred and twenty houses ” ; Koung, “ the village is 
very large, containing certainly not less than two hundred 
and fifty to three hundred houses ” ; and of Kiau he 
writes: “ The tribe of Kiow is said to be of comparatively 
great numerical strength, numbering upwards of 2000 
fighting men.” At Kalawat there are now (October, 1913) 
five or six houses only ; at Koung about twenty; at Kiau 
a little over a hundred adult men. 
The next day, March 7th, he left Kiau, descending the 
hillside to the Kadamaian and following the course of that 
river upwards through paddi farms, where he stayed the 
night. Next day he reached an overhanging rock, and the 
day after he writes : “At length, after 5 p.m., having 
descended a hundred feet into a ravine, I found myself 
upon the edge of a little torrent, and opposite to an over- 
