158 ACCOUNT OF EXPEDITIONS TO MT. KINABALU. 
Accompanied by his cousin, Dr. Haviland left Kuching, 
Sarawak, on March 1, and reached Gaya (the island off 
Jesselton, and at that time the seat of the Government of 
the West Coast) on the 5th. After five days they proceeded 
to Tuaran, and on the 12th commenced the land journey 
to the mountain. Three days brought them to Bungol, 
the fourth to Koung, and the next day they reached Kiau. 
After a day’s collecting here and another day wasted by a 
journey of half a mile to the Dusuns’ farms, they com¬ 
menced the ascent on the 19th, and reached Lobong (noted 
as 5000 ft. above the sea) that afternoon. After a week 
here they ascended to Temburungo (= Kamburangah), and 
next day (the 27th) to the Pakka cave, where Dr. Haviland 
noted the temperature of the air at 5 p.m. as 11° C., of 
the water in the torrent 10° C. “ The aneroid read 20.84 ; 
the boiling-point was by one thermometer 194° F., by 
another 90° C.” At daybreak on the 28th the temperature 
was 8° C. 
Dr. Haviland writes that they “ reached the top of the 
sharp northern ridge about its middle ”—no doubt Low’s 
Peak. They returned to Kamborangah that day, but 
ascended again to Pakka on April 2nd, and stayed there 
till the 9th, continual clouds preventing them going to the 
top again. The height of the cave was given as 10,450 ft., 
Kamborangah as 7750 ft. 
They returned to Lobong on the 11th, to Kiau next day. 
Ten days were then spent in the Pinokok valley, whence a 
visit was made to Marei Parei. On April 24th the expe¬ 
dition commenced the return journey to the coast. 
The botanical importance of this expedition may be 
judged from Dr. Stapf’s list of the Kinabalu flora, in which 
he enumerates four hundred and fifty-one species, of which 
no less than one hundred and ninety-seven are described 
as new. Of these new species Dr. Haviland alone was 
responsible for over a hundred and fifty. Dr. Haviland 
also collected a few mammals, birds, and insects for the 
Sarawak Museum, but the greater portion of his time was 
devoted to botany. 
The latter part of Dr. Stapfs paper is devoted to an 
enumeration and description of the species (pp. 127-263), 
but the first portion has much of interest for the general 
reader. He distinguishes four zones :— 
“ 1. The zone of the plains and low hills , or, briefly, the 
hill zone f from the littoral which skirts the coast 
as a belt of varying breadth up to 3000 ft. 
