BY J. C. MOULTON. 
159 
2. The lower mountain zone, from 3000 ft. to 6000 ft. 
8. The upper mountain zone, from 6000 ft. to 10,500 ft. 
4. The summit zone, from 10,500 ft. to the very summit 
(18,698 ft.).” 
Several pages are devoted to a discussion of the affinities 
of the flora of these different zones, and a table is given to 
show the geographical distribution of all the species. Per¬ 
haps the most interesting point that comes out is the 
relationship of the summit zone flora to that of the Boreal - 
Himalayan region on the one hand, and to the Australian, 
New Zealand, and South American region on the other. 
For instance, we may notice two species of Graminese 
(Grasses) collected by Haviland at 13,000 ft.: (i) Agrostis 
canina occurs in the northern hemisphere from North 
America and Europe east to Siberia and south as far as 
the Himalayas, and in the southern hemisphere in Pata¬ 
gonia and New Zealand; (ii) Deschampsia flexuosa ranges 
in Europe from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean and to 
the Caucasus; in North America from Greenland to Canada 
and the northern United States ; in the southern hemi¬ 
sphere it occurs in the Falkland Islands and Magellan 
Strait. The summit of Kinabalu helps to bridge the 
enormous gap in the range of these two species. 
The next important paper on the flora of Kinabalu is 
that by Miss L. S. Gibbs, published in 1914, to which we 
shall refer later. 
1899. Journal of the Straits Branch, Royal Asiatic 
Society (Singapore). No. 34, July, 1900, pp. 49-88, pis. i.-iv. 
“ An Expedition to Mount Kina Balu, British North 
Borneo.” By R. Hanitsch, Ph.D. 
This is an account of a collecting expedition undertaken 
by Dr. Hanitsch, Director of the Raffles Museum, Singa¬ 
pore. He was given six weeks’ leave for the trip, and 
starting from Singapore on March 4th, 1899, he reached 
Gaya, the island opposite Jesselton, British North Borneo, 
on March 11th, and the mainland next day. The Tuaran 
route was chosen, and a start for the land journey made 
from Panjut on the 13th. The succeeding nights were 
passed at Bandeian (on the Tuaran river), Kappak, 
Kalawat, Bungol, Koung, and Kiau, the last-named village 
being reached on March 18th. After the usual delays for 
coolies, a start for the ascent was made on the 21st, and 
they camped that night under a huge slanting rock, pre¬ 
sumably Minitindok, The following day they reached 
