BY J. C. MOULTON. 
161 
Pakka cave. This traveller notes that the central core of 
the mountain is syenite ; that he did not find metamorphic 
rock surrounding the mountain; and that at 8800 ft. there 
was a direct transition from limestone to syenite, the former 
of which appears to be underlain by a shale, followed by a 
sandstone at 7175 ft. 
1899. About this time John Waterstradt, a professional 
insect-collector, made an ascent. I have been unable to 
trace any written records of his visits to Kinabalu, but 1 
gathered from the natives at Kiau that he had made three 
lengthy visits: the first about 1894, the next about this 
date (1899), when he went to the summit for the first time, 
and, lastly, about 1908. The large number of butterflies 
and beetles on sale in many dealers’ catalogues are the 
results of his work ; also the remarkable proficiency of the 
natives of Kiau in the art of “ bug-hunting.” They told 
me Mr. Waterstradt had a regular scale of pay for each 
kind of butterfly—two or three cents each for some, two 
for a cent for another kind, five cents, perhaps, for another. 
I made a note of some of them, as they afford an interest¬ 
ing comparison with a dealer’s price list, where Papilio 
andromaclie is marked 50 marks, and others similarly 
priced. 
1910. The British North Borneo Herald. Yol. xxviii. 
April 1st, 1910. Pp. 65-67. “ Ascent of Mount Kina¬ 
balu.” Report by D. R. Maxwell, Assistant District 
Officer, Province Keppel. 
The writer of this account escorted Miss L. S. Gibbs, a 
botanist, to the summit of Kinabalu. This lady went by 
train from Jesselton to Tenom, and thence by bridle path 
to Kiau, whence she paid a visit to the Marei Parei spur 
before making the ascent. This was accomplished in the 
usual three stages, the nights being passed at Lobong, 
Kamborangah, and Pakka. The summit was reached on 
February 20th, and a bottle containing the names of Miss 
Gibbs and Mr. Maxwell deposited on Low’s Peak. 
Mr. Maxwell climbed another peak, where he found “ a 
bottle saying that on April 13th, 1899, H. T. Burls had 
accomplished the ascent with one Chinaman and four 
Kiau Dusuns. Mr. Waterstradt’s bottle was also found 
below.” 
The thermometer readings noted daily at 4.30 p.m. and 
at nightfall were : 
