APPENDIX: 
The following general statement regarding ferns is 
printed here with the idea that it will be more useful than 
a formal glossary as an aid to amateurs in the understand¬ 
ing of technical terms. 
The ferns are a group of plants charactei ized by the 
absence of flowers and seeds, the production of leaves 
which are usually large and highly developed in propor¬ 
tion to the stem, and by the fact that in their life history 
they go through two distinct stages. One of these is 
called the prothallium. It is inconspicuous, never noticed 
by ordinary collectors, and so far as publications show, 
has never been noticed or collected in Borneo, except on 
the one visit of Professor Campbell. It reproduces sexually 
and the result of this reproduction is the ordinary fern 
plant, composed of root, stem and leaves, which reproduces 
itself by means of spores. When the spore germinates, 
it produces the prothallium. 
Ferns are characteristic inhabitants of moist localities 
in the tropics. In such places, they grow either on the 
ground, in which case they are called terrestrial, or on the 
trunk and branches of trees, in which case, they are 
epiphytes. The roots of ferns present few features im¬ 
portant in their classification, and the terms applied to 
them, such as coarse or fibrous, require no explanation. 
The stem of ferns may be stout and erect, in which 
case, if it is strongly developed, it is called a trunk or 
