208 
THE BUTTERFLIES OF BORNEO. 
62. M. thyateira Fruhst. 30 
North Borneo (Brunei), South-east Borneo. 
63. M. fuscum Feld, adustata Fruhst. 
Borneo; Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Nias, Banka, Java. 
64. M. orseis Hew. orseis Hew. 31 
Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Nias ; Celebes. 
65. M. maianeas Hew. maianeas Hew. 
Borneo, Malay Peninsula; Sumatra, Banka. 
66. M. dohertyi Ehv. excelsior Fruhst. 32 
North Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu); Malay Peninsula 
and Sumatra. 
67. Raoadia melindena Feld, annulata Gr.-Sm. 33 
North Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu); Southern Philippines 
(Mindanao). 
68. R. crisia Hiibn. 34 
Borneo, Natunas, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java. 
69. Melanitis leda Linn, ismene Cr. 
Borneo, India, China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra ; 
Java, Celebes to Australia and Madagascar. 
30 Described by Fruhstorfer in Seitz’s Macro-Lepidoptera of the World , 
vol. ix., p. 349, 1910. 
31 Fruhstorfer separates the Bornean form as borneensis, characterized 
by the smaller black scent-patch of the hind wing, which he states is com¬ 
posed of two nearly distinct spots instead of being confluent as in orseis. 
Several Sarawak males before me have this patch large and confluent. 
Again, the lines and bands below are said to be sharper and the eye-spots 
smaller. Both these features are variable in the Sarawak series, and in 
some the tortuous basal line is very indistinct as noted for his Nias form. 
The continental form is stated to be smaller and paler. The Sarawak males 
measure 40-54 mm., the females 43-57 mm. The colouring of both under 
side and upper side is variable in both sexes. I therefore use the name 
orseis to include the forms now known from Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, 
Sumatra and Nias. The form from Celebes described by Staudinger 
certainly seems sufficiently distinct to merit subspecific separation. 
32 Fruhstorfer comments on the rarity of this species thus:—“Dr. 
Martin only netted four in Sumatra in thirteen years. I received from 
Waterstradt the one female out of a collection containing 20,000 specimens 
(The italics are mine.) Dr. Sharp has called attention to a similar figure in 
his volume on Insects in the Cambridge Natural History , illustrating the 
depredations of the professional collector. 
33 This form seems sufficiently close to melindena to be considered a 
subspecies of it. Probably both should be regarded as subspecies of the 
continental crisilda Hew. Fruhstorfer and others regard the two as distinct 
species. 
Shelford lists R. melita Staud. from Kinabalu. Fruhstorfer merges it as 
a synonym of annulata. 
34 Fruhstorfer divides this species into four geographical races on what 
seem to me totally insufficient grounds. He calls the Bornean form umbrata. 
