340 
existing  trade,  but  are  designed  rather  with  the  object  of  organising 
this,  to  the  best  individual  and  collective  advantage. 
Besides  legislative  interference,  however,  it  is  to  be  urged  that 
stock  owners  should  be  made  acquainted  with  the  full  etiology  of 
trypanosomiasis  as  at  present  known,  and  every  effoit  made  to 
discourage  the  views  previously  held  that  the  tsetse  alone  can  give 
infection  and  that  goats  and  sheep  are  not  attacked.  These  animals, 
and  donkeys,  when  indiscriminately  moved,  may,  owing  to  their 
apparent  health  be  of  greater  danger  to  cattle  ;  and  legislation  should 
carefully  deal  with  them,  for  their  identity  and  registration  will  be 
difficult. 
VI.  THE  TRYPANOSOMES  ENCOUNTERED 
(a)  In  Naturally  Infected  Ruminants 
I.  '  Scotsdale' 
Origin :  At  our  first  examinations.  May,  1908,  of  the  stock  on  a 
farm  known  as  Scotsdale,  some  three  miles  from  Chinsali,  we  found 
four  cattle  out  of  five,  four  sheep  in  eleven,  and  one  goat  in  four  to 
show  trypanosomes.  These  cattle  had  been  brought  from  the 
Loangwa  valley,  and  it  is  possible  they  were  infected  on  the  road, 
for  Gl.  niorsitans  exists  plentifully  on  that  side  of  the  farm.  On 
the  other  hand,  a  calf  born  on  the  place  and  not  exposed  to  this  fly 
was  infected— a  case  which  suggests  the  operation  of  a  local  genus 
such  as  Stomoxys,  which  was  very  prevalent  in  the  kraal  occupied  by 
all  the  stock.  Owing  to  the  owner’s  absence  we  were  unable  to  learn 
much  regarding  the  natural  disease  in  these  animals,  but  it  would 
appear,  from  what  was  adduced,  that  it  passes  unnoticed  in  sheep 
and  goats,  and  lasts  at  least  six  months  in  most  bovines.  On  our 
second  visit,  four  months  later  (August-September),  we  found  that 
only  one  cow  had  died  in  the  interim  ;  the  other  bovines,  excepting 
the  calf,  did  not  appear  much  thinner;  the  sheep  and  goats  still 
retained  their  normal  condition. 
In  May,  two  rats  were  inoculated  intraperitoneally  with  O' 5  c.cm. 
and  I'O  c.cm.,  respectively,  of  citrated  blood  from  two  of  these  cows. 
They  did  not  become  infected.  On  our  subsequent  visit  two  rats 
and  two  guinea-pigs  were  given  intraperitoneal  injections  of  from  3'0 
to  lo'o  c.cm.  of  blood  containing  trypanosomes  (in  one 
