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being  confirmed  by  Mr.  Newstead,  of  the  Liverpool  School  of  Tropical 
Medicine,  to  whom  I  sent  specimens  for  examination. 
To  remove  the  causes  of  the  malaria,  I  proposed  two  ways: 
first,  temporary  works  of  sanitation  to  be  repeated  each  spring,  and 
secondly,  the  building  of  permanent  works. 
The  second  proposition  was  not  approved  for  lack  of  sufficient 
funds,  but  temporary  works  were  preferred,  which  consisted  in  the 
transformation  of  the  branches  and  small  tributaries  of  the  Illisus 
river-bed,  by  filling  them  up,  by  excavation  and  removing  rocks  ;  so 
that  the  flowing  water  might  be  concentrated  in  a  sloping  narrow 
channel  in  such  a  way  as  to  run  free  without  an  impediment. 
The  work  done  by  me  for  the  first  time,  in  the  year  1906,  on 
account  of  its  beginning  late  in  the  season,  afforded  small  relief, 
because  the  Anophelines  had  already  hatched  before  the  work  was 
commenced  ;  in  consequence  of  which  the  progress  of  malaria,  as  will 
be  seen  in  the  Table  below,  could  not  be  prevented. 
In  the  second  year,  1907,  the  work  was  begun  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  month  of  May  in  Pangrati  district,  and  a  little  later  in  a 
branch  of  the  Illisus  river,  viz.,  from  the  Iton  bridge  of  Vatrachonisi 
district  up  to  Rizarios  Seminary.  The  w^ork  contributed  to  a  large 
extent  to  the  reduction  of  the  malaria,  because  in  the  Pangrati 
locality,  where  the  work  of  sanitation  began  early  in  the  season,  the 
morbidity  from  malaria  dropped  to  2  to  3  per  cent.,  whereas  in 
Vatrachonisi  district,  where  the  work  was  commenced  later  in  the 
season  or  in  the  beginning  of  summer,  the  morbidity  was  from  25  to 
30  per  cent. 
'  In  the  year  1908,  the  third  year  of  the  sanitary  measures,  they 
were  carried  out  on  all  the  branches  or  rivulets  of  the  Illisus  river 
in  time,  i.e.,  before  the  summer  season.  The  malaria  was,  as  1  have 
ascertained,  greatly  reduced  ;  and  as  the  League  was  informed  by 
the  local  doctors,  the  morbidity  caused  by  malaria  fell  to  i  per  cent. 
'  \  _  The  sanitary  measures  in  the  above  two  districts,  without  making 
any  use  of  preventives,  such  as  quinine,  etc.,  have  proved  of  great 
value  in  suppressing  malaria. 
Confirmation  of  the  splendid  results  in  suppressing  malaria  of  the 
above  sanitary  measures  is  plainly  afforded,  not  only  by  the 
'  s  examination  of  the  sick  rate  among  little  children,  but  by  the 
'  ®  examination  of  their  spleens. 
\1P 
