459 
when  used  as  a  dip,  but  was  not  found  sufficiently  mobile  to  use  as  a 
spraying  mixture,  as  it  does  not  readily  penetrate  to  the  skin, 
especially  in  long-coated  animals,  and  this  was  particularly  noted  in 
a  young  calf  which  was  used  for  experimental  purposes.  Cousin’s 
'  Paranaph  ’  is  also  a  proprietary  article,  consisting  of  soap-paraffin 
and  naphthaline,  devised  originally  for  washing  hops  and  fruit  trees 
in  Kent.  The  proportions  of  Cooper’s  dip  used  by  us  is  the  minimum 
strength  recommended  for  use  in  dipping  sheep  and  cattle  ;  but  in 
South  Africa,  where  the  ‘  Bont  Tick  ’  (Amblyomma  hebraeiini)  is  very 
difficult  to  kill,  the  powder  is  used  with  safety  half  as  strong  again. 
The  ‘Silver  Tick’  of  Jamaica  (A.  cajanense),  though  closely  allied 
to  the  ‘  Bont  T ick,’  does  not  appear  to  be  so  tenacious  of  life  as  its 
.African  relative.  Realising  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  the  exact 
nature  of  the  result  of  this  compound  upon  ‘  grass  lice,’  which  from 
their  minute  size  are  rendered  almost  invisible  among  the  hair  of 
the  host,  control  experiments  were  made  by  placing  masses  of  the 
young  lice  in  muslin  bags.  These  were  completely  immersed  in  the 
dip  and  afterwards  suspended  in  the  open  air  in  a  cool  place  and 
allowed  to  dry.  Eighteen  hours  afterwards  the  ‘  lice  ’  were  found 
still  living  but  on  the  third  day  every  tick  was  dead  ;  so  that  we  may 
justly  claim  that  this  preparation  is  equally  effective  for  all  stages 
of  cattle  ticks.  The  exact  formula  of  this  wash  is  here  given. 
Paranaph  i  part,  water  6  parts. 
Cooper’s  dip  i  packet  to  20  gallons  of  water. 
One  and  a  half  quarts  per  head  seems  quite  enough  if  applied 
properly.  This  preparation  has  proved  not  only  effective  in  its 
immediate  results,  but  a  most  persistent  and  adherent  tick-destroying 
medium.  The  cattle  which  were  sprayed  by  us,  although  left  to  graze 
in  pasturage  which  was  positively  alive  with  ‘  grass  lice  ’  for  a  period 
of  five  weeks,  had  at  the  end  of  that  time  scarcely  a  live  tick  upon 
them.  We  are  sanguine,  therefore,  that  the  tick  problem  in  Jamaica 
can  be  controlled  cheaply  and  effectively  with  appliances  readily 
obtainable  and  usable  by  any  owner  of  stock  ;  but  the  following 
conditions  should  be  rigorously  adhered  to  in  spraying  or  washing 
cattle  :  — 
I.  The  application  of  this  mixture,  which  contains  POISON,  must 
not  under  any  condition  be  applied  at  a  less  interval  than  fourteen 
