A R A 
10. Arab’s pendula, or pendulous wall-crefs : leaves 
fteimclafping; filiques ancipital, linear; calyxes lub-pilofe. 
Native of Siberia. Cultivated in 17,59 by'Mr. Miller. 
■ 11. Arabis turrita, or tower wall-crels : leaves Item- 
clafping; filiques bending down, flat, linear; calyxes fub- 
rugofe. Root woodv ; marked annual by Hudfon and Wi¬ 
thering, but in reality biennial, as Relhan has marked it. 
It grows on (ltady rocks, and begins to flower in April; 
with us in May and June. Native of Auflria, Switzer¬ 
land, Dauphine, &c. Obferved by profelfor John Mar- 
tyn, before the year 1732, on a wall at Lewifham, in Kent; 
and on the walls of Trinity and St. John’s colleges in Cam¬ 
bridge ; on the latter of thefe it (fill grows abundantly. 
Alfo on Magdalen-college walls at Oxford. 
12. Arabis faxatilis: (lem ereft, leaves ftem-clafping 
lanceolate toothed, filiques the length of the raceme. Root 
annual, round, with very few fibres. Native of the fouth 
of Europe, on rocks. 
13. Arabis fcabra: root-leaves roundifli, fcabrous, tooth¬ 
ed, (tcm-leaves embracing hirfute. This has many things in 
common with the fifth fort. Native of the fouth of Europe. 
14. Arabis lerpyllifolia : all the leaves elliptic, quite 
entire; Item flexuofe. Biennial. Native of Dauphin^. 
15. Arabis re ft a: ftetn ftraight, leaves rectangularly 
toothed and feflile, filiques from ereft fpreading. This 
fort approaches near to the foregoing, and to the firft fpe- 
cies, but the Item is conftantly firaight. It is annual or 
biennial; and grows on walls and rocks about Grenoble. 
Propagation'and Culture. Thefe are all hardy plants, and 
will thrive in any fituation. They produce feeds in plenty, 
and may ealily be propagated by them, either fown in the 
autumn, or permitted to fcatter on the ground. The firft 
fort is molt known in the gardens, and, multiplying fall by 
its creeping roots, few perfons are at the trouble of lowing 
the feeds. It flow ers early, and having many ftrong fterns 
from one root, it makes a pretty variety in cold fituations, 
wlipre many finer plants will not thrive ; and may have 
place in plantations of ihrubs, where it will grow with 
little care. See Cardamine. 
A'RABISM, or Arabis'mus,/ An idiom or manner 
of fpeaking peculiar to the Arabs, or the Arabic language. 
A'RABIST, f. A perfon curious of, and (killed in, the 
learning'and languages of the Arabians ; finch were Erpe- 
nius and Golius. The furgeons of the 13th century are 
called Arabijh by Severinus. 
A'RABLE, adj. [from ar«, Lat. to plough.] Fit for 
the plough ; fit for tillage; productive of corn.—Having 
but very little arable land, they are forced to fetch all their 
corn from foreign countries. Addijon. 
A'R AC A-PU'DA, f. in botany. See Drosfra. 
ARACAN', the capital of a fmall kingdom to the N. E. 
of the bay of Bengal, in Alia, (ituated in I.at. 20. 30. N. 
Ion. 93. o. E. It has the conveniency of a fpacious river, 
and a harbour large enough to hold all the fhips in Eu¬ 
rope. It is faid by Schouten to be as large as Amflerdam ; 
but the houfes are flight, being made witli palm-trees and 
bamboo-canes, and covered with leaves of trees ; but the 
people of higher rank are much better accommodated. 
They have no kitchens, chimneys, cr cellars, which obliges 
the women to drefs the viftuals out of doors. Some of the 
ftreets are on the ridges of rocks, wherein are hewn a great 
many (hops. Their orchards and gardens contain all the 
fruits common to the Indies, and their trees are green all 
the year. They have only two feafons, the rainy and the 
fair; the rainy feafon is, while the fun is on the north fide of 
the line, or during our fpring and lummer months; the reft 
of the year is their fummer. Their common drink is tod¬ 
dy ; which is the lap of the cocoa-tree, and, when new', will 
intoxicate like wine, but locm grows four. Elephants and 
buffaloes are very numerous here, and are made ufe of in- 
ftead of horfes. The Mogul’s fubjefts come here to pur- 
chafe lead, tin, and ftick-lac; and fometimes diamonds, 
rubies, and other precious ftones. They were formerly 
governed by a king of their own, called the king of the 
White Elephant ; but this country has been fince conquered 
A R A 27 
by the king of Pegu. They pay little or no regard to the 
chaftity of their w omen, and the common failors take great 
liberties among them. Their religion is Paganifm ; and 
the idols, temples, and priefts, are very numerous. In the 
king’s palace, it is faid, are feven idols, cuft in gold, of two 
inches thick, each of a man’s height, and covered over 
with diamonds and precious ftones ; and in his (fables he 
has horfes, elephants, lions, tigers, &c. The drefs of the 
natives is very flight, for it coniifts chiefly of a piece of thin' 
white gauze over their arms, breaft, and belly, with a fmall 
apron tied before. They curl their hair, and put glafs rings 
in their ears, and ftretch them to a monftrous length. On 
their arms and legs they have hoops of copper, ivory, fil- 
ver, See. Captain Hamilton affirms, that there are but 
few places inhabited in this country, on account of the 
great number of wild elephants and buffaloes, w'hich de- 
ftroy the fruits of the ground ; and that the tigers deftroy 
the tame animals. The rich burn the dead bodies; but the 
poor, who are not able to buy wood, throw them into the 
river, to prevent their being devoured by the wild beads, 
A'RACH, f. in botany. See Atriplex. 
ARACHID'NA, or ARACHiDNOi'DESyyi in botany. 
See Arachis, Gi.ycine, and Lathyrus. 
A'RACHIS, f. damnum vel noxa.~\ In botany, x 
genus of the diadelphia decandria clafs, ranking in the na¬ 
tural order of papilionacete or legiiminofle. The generic 
charafters are—Calyx : perian-thium two-parted, gaping ;; 
upper-lip ovate, femitrifid ; the intermediate divifion ra¬ 
ther larger, emarginate; under-lip lanceolate, concave, 
acute, rather longer. Corolla: papilionaceous, refupine; 
banner roundifh, flat-deflex, very large, emarginate, longer 
than the calyx ; wings free, fubovate, lhorter than the 
banner ; keel Tubulate, incurved, the length of the calyx, 
very ftightly bifid at the bafe. Stamina:- filaments ten, 
all united at bottom, Tubulate, the length of the keel; an- 
therae alternately roundifh and oblong. Filtillum: germ 
oblong ; llyle fubulate, the length of the germ, alcending; 
ftigma Ample. Pericarpiitm : legume ovate-oblong, co¬ 
lumnar, valvelefs, gibbous, torulofe, veined, coriaceous, 
one-celled. Seeds: two, oblong, obtufe, gibbous, trun¬ 
cate at one end.— EJfential Charafler. Calyx bilabiate; 
corolla refupine ; filaments connefted 7 legume gibbous, 
torulofe, veined, coriaceous, 
Species. 1. Arachis hypogxa, or common earth or ground 
nut : Item herbaceous, procumbent. Native of the Eafii 
Indies, and cultivated very abundantly in China and Co- 
chinchina. All the European fettlements in America now 
abound with the ground-nut, but it is generally fuppofed 
that it was originally brought by the (laves from Africa, 
In South Carolina there is great plenty of this plant; the 
inhabitants roaft the nuts, as they are commonly called, 
and make ufe of them as chocolate. In the eaftern coun¬ 
tries they are a fubftitute for almonds. They abound in 
a thin limpid oil proper for lamps, and it is much ufed for 
this purpofe in Cochinchina; it fupplies the place alfcr 
there of oil of olives for the ufe of the table, but is infe¬ 
rior to it in flavour. The ground-nut was cultivated ini 
the Chelfea garden fo long fince as 1712. 
2. Arachis fruticofa, or fbrubby earth or ground: nnt r 
ftem fhrubby, upright. The whole plant is vificid; leaves¬ 
like thole of myrtle, of different fizes ; at the ends of the 
branches are the flowers, collefted into folitary heads with 
braftes under them ; they are of a yellow colour. Native 
of the Ealt Indies, Tranquebar, and the ifland of Ceylon. 
Propagation and Culture. The ground-nut multiplies 
very fait in hot countries. In England the feeds mult he 
(own on a ho^-bed in the fpring, and the glaffes muft be 
kept over the plants till the middle or end of June ; after 
which, if the weather prove warm, they may be expofed 
to the open air by degrees. The branches trail upon the 
ground, and, as foon as the flower begins to decay,, the 
germ thrufts itlelf under ground, and there the pod is 
formed and ripened. See Glycine. 
ARACH'NE, in fabulous hiltory, a young maid of Ly¬ 
dia, faid to have been the inventrefs of.fpinning. She 
a fabled 
