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fbbled tcf have been fo Ik il ful in this art, as to challenge 
Minerva at it; who tore her work, and llruck her; which 
difgrace driving her to defpair, die hanged herfelf. Miner¬ 
va, from compaffion, brought her to life, and transformed 
her into a fpider, which dill employs itfelf in fpinning. 
ARACHNOI'DES,y~ [‘from et^eej^. wya fpider, and siJ©', 
form.] One of the tunics of the eye, lo called from its re- 
femblance to acobweb.—-As-to the tunics of the eye, many 
things might be taken notice of; the prodigious finenefs 
of the ara'chnoidcs, the'acute fenfe of the retina. Derham .—• 
ft is alfo a line thin tranfparent membrane, which, lying 
between the dura and the pia mater, is fuppofed to invelb 
the whole fubdance of the brain. Chambers-. 
A'RACHUS,^ in botany. 'SeeERvuM.- 
ARACK', Ar'rack, or Rack , f . a fpirituous iirplor 
imported from the Ead Indies, ufed by way of dram, and 
iii punch. The word arack, according to Mr. Lockyer, 
is an Indian name for (irong waters of all kinds ; for they 
Call bur fpirits and brandy Ervgli/h arack. But what we 
underda-nd- by the name arack , he affirms is no oilier than 
a fpirit procured by didillatio-n from a- vegetable juice 
Called t'odiy, which flows by incilion out of the cocoa-nut 
tree, like the birch-juice procured among us-. The toddy 
is a pleafant drink by itfelf, when new, and purges- thofe 
who are not ufed to it: and, when date, makes good vine¬ 
gar. The Englidi at Madras ufe it as leaven to raife their 
bread. Others are of opinion, tlijt the arack, or arrack,- 
i-s a vinous fpirit obtained by didillation, in the Ead In¬ 
dies, from rice or fugar, fermented with the juice of cocoa^ 
nuts. The Goa arack is laid to be made from the toddy, 
the. Batavia arack from rice and- fuga-r ; and there is like- 
wife a kind of flirub from which arack fs made. 
Goa and Batavia are the chief places for arack. At Goa 1 
there are divers kinds; lingle, double, and treble, diddled. 
The double diddled,- which is that commonly fent abroad, 
is but a weak fpirit in companion with Batavia arack; yet, 
on account of its peculiar and agreeable flavour, is pre¬ 
ferred to all the other aracks-of India. This flavour is at¬ 
tributed to the earthen velfels w hicli they ufe at Goa to 
draw the fpirit; whereas at Batavia they ufe copper dills. 
The Parier arack made at Madras, and the Colombo 
and Quiione arack at other places, being fiery hot fpirits-,• 
are little valued by the Europeans, and therefore rarely- 
imported, though highly prized among the natives. In 
the bed Goa arack, the fpirits of the cocoa-juice do not 
make above a dxth or eighth part. 
The manner of making the Goa arack is this : the juice 
of the trees is not procured in the way of tapping, as we 
do; but the operator provides him-felf with a- parcel of 
earthen pots, with bellies and necks like our ordinary bird- 
bottles. With thele he climbs up the cocoa-tree; and, 
when he comes to the boughs,- lie takes out his knife, and, 
cutting off one of the fmail knots- or buttons, he applies 
the mouth of the bottle to the wound, fadening it to the 
bough with a bandage ; in the fame manner lie cuts off 
ether buttons, and- fa-dens-on his pots, till the whole num¬ 
ber is ufed: this is dons in the evening,, and, defeending 
from the tree, he leaves them till the next morning ; when 
he takes od'the bottles, which are modly filled, and emp¬ 
ties the juice into the proper receptacle. This is repeated 
every night, till a fufficient quantity is produced ; and the 
whole, being then put together, is left to ferment, which 
it loon does. When the fermentation is over, and the li¬ 
quor or wafh is become a little tart, it is put into the dill, 
and, a fire being made, the dill is fud'ered to work as long 
Nas that which comes over has any conlideFable tade of 
fpirit. The liquor thus procured is the low wine of arack ; 
and this is fo poor a liquor, that it will loon corrupt and 
fpoil, if not diddled again, to feparate fomc of its phlegm ; 
they therefore immediately after pour back this low wine 
into the dill, and rectify it to that very weak kind of proof- 
fpirit, in which date we find it. The arack we meet w ith., 
notwithdanding its being of a proof-ted, according to the 
•way of judging by the crown of bubbles, holds but a dxth, 
and fometimes but an eighth, part of alcohol, or pure fpi- 
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rit; whereas our other fpirits, when they Ihew that proof,, 
are generally fuppofed to hold one-half pure fpirit. Shaw'E 
EJJay on Dijlilling. 
There is a paper of obfer-vations on arack, in the Me¬ 
langes d'HiJloire Natur. tome v. p.302. By fermenting,, 
diddling, and rectifying, the juice of the American maple,, 
which has much the fame fade as that of the cocoa, the 
author fays,- he made arack not in the lead inferior to any 
that comes from the Ead Indies ; and he thinks the juice 
of the fycamore and of the birch trees would equally an- 
fwer the end. 
By dat. 11 Gem F. c. jo. arack on-board a fliip within 
the limits of any port of Great Britain, may be iearched 
for and-feized, together with the package ; or if found un- 
Ihipping or unfhipped, before entry, may be feized by the 
officers of exciie, in like manner as by the officers of the 
cudoms. Upon an excife officer’s fufpicion of the con¬ 
cealment of arack, and oath made of the grounds of fuch 
fufpicion- before the commidioners or * judice of peace, 
they may empower him to enter fuch fufpedled places, and. 
feize the liquors-, with the calks,. &c. If the officers are 
©bdrudded, the penalty is iool. Arack is not to be fold 
but in warehoufes, entered as directed in the 5 th of Geo. I„ 
e.21. upon forfeiture, and the calks, &c. If permits are 
not returned which are granted for the removal of arack,, 
or if the goods are not fent away within the time limited,, 
the penalty is treble the value. If the permits are not re¬ 
turned, and the decreafe is not found to be fufficient, the 
like quantity is forfeited. Permits are not to be taken 
out but by direflion in writing of the proprietor of the 
dock, or his known fervant, upon forfeiture of 50I. or 
three months imprifonment. 
By dat.- 9 Geo. If. c. 3,5. if arack is offered to fale with- 
out a permit, or by any hawker, pedlar, &c. with a per¬ 
mit, the per An to whom it is offered may feize and carry 
it to the next warehoufe belonging to the cudoms or ex¬ 
cife, and bring the- perfon offering the fame before any 
judice of the peace, to be committed to prifon, and profe- 
cuted for the penalties incurred by fuch offence. The per¬ 
fon feizing fuch goods may profecute in his own name; 
and on recovery is intitled to one-third part of the grofs 
produce of the fale; and the commidioners are, if delired, 
upon-a certificate from the judice of the offender’s being 
committed to prifon, to advance to the leizer 15s. per gal¬ 
lon for the arack fo feized. Arack (except for the ufe of 
feamen, two'gallons each) 1 , found in any Ihip or veffel ar¬ 
rived 1 from' foreign parts, at anchor, or hovering within 
the limits of any port, or within two leagues of the diore ; 
and not proceeding on her voyage (unlefs in cafe of una¬ 
voidable necellity and didrefs of weather, notice whereof 
mud be given to the collector or chief officer of the port 
upon the Ihip’s arrival), is forfeited, with the boxes, calks,, 
or other package, or the value thereof. 
Arack is alfo the name of a fpirituous liquor made by 
the Tartars of Tungufia, of mare’s milk, left to four, and 
afterwards diddled twice or thrice between two earthen- 
pots clofely flopped, whence the liquor runs through a 
fmail wooden pipe. It is more intoxicating than brandy. 
A'RACUS, /. in botany. See Orobus. 
A-'RAD, a city anciently lying to the fouth of Judah 
and the land of Canaan, in Arabia Petraea. The Ifraelites 
having advanced towards the land of Canaan, Numb. xxi. 1. 
the king of Arad oppoled their palfage, defeated them, and 
took a great booty from them; but they deflroyed his 
country as foon as they became mailers of the land of Ca¬ 
naan, Numb, xxxiii. Arad was rebuilt, and Eulebius 
places it in the neighbourhood of Khades, at the didance 
of twenty miles from Hebron. The Ilraelites, in their 
palfage through the wildernefs, having departed from Se- 
pher, came to Arad, and from thence to Makkelath. 
Arad, a country, and a town, of Hungary. 
A'RADOS, f. in medicine, the perturbation excited in 
the domach by digeding the aliment there. It alfo (igui¬ 
des any perturbation in the body. 
A'RADUS, an ifland between the borders of Phoenicia 
and 
