30 A R A 
the inhabitants of Canada make ufe of it as fucli, but it 
is very different from the true fort. Native of Virginia 
and Canada. Linnaeus fays, there is one very like it, and 
perhaps the fame, in Java. 
7. Aralia cordata, or heart-leaved aralia: Herbaceous; 
Hem angular, unarmed; leaves iimple, lieart-lhaped. Na¬ 
tive of Japan. 
8. Aralia odophylla, or digitate-leaved aralia: Hem ar¬ 
boreous, unarmed ; leaves digitate, with eight leaflets ; 
panicle umbelled. This is a tree ten feet in height, and 
fpreading. Flowers yellow fprinkled with red. Native 
of Cochinchina ; where it isalfo cultivated, and ufed me¬ 
dicinally in dropfical cafes. Near Canton in China there 
grows a variety, or perhaps a diftinift fpecies, perfectly 
refentbling this in the Hem, leaves, and habit of the 
flowers; but differing, in having ten ftamens, and a ten- 
cleft ftigma. 
9. Aralia palmata, or palmate-leaved aralia : Hem fcan- 
dent, prickly; leaves five dobed; umbels Iimple, lateral. 
Flower white, without any involucre. Native ot China. 
The bark-of this is alfo ufed in the dropfy, and in cuta¬ 
neous diforders. Poflibly fome of the above fpecies may, 
on more accurate examination, be found to belong to the 
genus kedera, which in many refpedtsis allied to this. 
Propagation and Culture. The firfi fort is propagated by 
feeds, which are ealily procured from North America; but, 
as they feldom arrive here till towards the fpring, the 
plants' never come up the firfi year ; therefore, when the 
feeds arrive, they (hould be Town in pots, filled with light 
earth, and placed in a fhady fituation, where they may 
remain until the next autumn, being careful to weed the 
pots confiautly ; otherwife, if weeds are permitted to grow 
till they are large, they cannot be taken out, without draw¬ 
ing up the feeds with their roots. In the autumn, the 
pots (hould either be plunged into an old bed of tan, or 
planted in a warm border, under the fhelter of a hedge or 
wall ; and, if the winter proves fevere, it will be proper 
to cover the pots with ftraw or peafe-haulm, to prevent 
the froft from penetrating deep into the ground. In March 
the pots (hould be plunged into a moderate hot-bed, which 
w ill bring up the plants early, fo that they will have more 
time to get firength before the following winter. When 
the plants come up, they (hould be frequently refrefhed 
with water, and conftantly kept clean from weeds: in May 
they fhould be inured to the open air, and when they are 
removed out of the bed, they fhould have a (hady fitua¬ 
tion. Thefe plants fiiould not be difturbed the firfi feafon, 
but, as they are often injured by froft when young, in Oc¬ 
tober the pots (hould be placed under a frame, where they 
may be fereened from hard frofts, but in mild weather they 
fiiould be conftantly opened to enjoy the free air. The 
leaves of thefe plants fall away in the autumn, fo that fome 
perfons have fuppofed them dead, and have thrown them 
out of the pots. In the fpring, before the plants begin to 
pufli, they (hould be carefully (liakeii out of the pots, and 
feparated ; part of them fiiould be planted fiiigly into (mall 
pots, and the other may be planted in a bed of light 
earth in a warm fituation. If thole which are planted in 
the final 1 pots are plunged in a moderate hot-bed, it will 
greatly forward their growth ; but they mud be early 
inured to bear the open air, otherwife they will draw up 
weak. In the following fummer they mud have a fhady 
fituation, and the next winter fiiould be dickered again; 
the lpfing: following they may be fliaken out cf the pots, 
and planted where they are defigned to remain. Thofe 
plants which were planted in the bed, will require pro¬ 
tection from the froft the firfi winter; but, if the furface 
of the ground is covered with old tanners bark, it will 
prevent the froft from penetrating to their roofs ; and, if 
in hard frofts, fome ftraw, peafe-haulm, or any light co¬ 
vering, is laid over the bed, it will fecure their Items from 
being injured. The plants in the bed may remain there 
two years, by which time they will be itrong enough to 
tranfplant to the places where they are defigned to grow'. 
As thefe plants do' not cOme out very early in the fpring, 
A R A 
they often continue growing pretty late in the autumn, 
which caufes the extreme parts of their (hoots to be very 
tender, whereby they often differ from the early frofts in 
autumn, which frequently kill the upper parts of the 
(hoots : but, as their woody items are feldom injured, they 
put out new branches below ; and, if in very fevere win¬ 
ters the Hems are deftroyed, yet the roots will remain, and 
put out new ones the following dimmer. This plant may 
alfo be propagated by its roots; for, as they fpread far 
in the ground, if they are laid open, and fome of the 
ftrongeft are feparated from the plant and left in the 
ground, they will put out new' ftems and make new plants. 
Or, if part of the roots are taken off and planted on a mo¬ 
derate hot-bed, they will pufh out Hems in plenty, and 
may be thus increased with Cafe. The fifth and fixth 
fpecies are eafily propagated by feeds, which are generally 
produced in plenty. Thefe (hould be lown in the autumn 
foon after they are ripe, for thofe which are fowrt in the 
(pring never grow the fame year, fo that a whole feafon 
is gained by the fowing in autumn. When the plants ap¬ 
pear, they mud be kept clean from we^ds during the fum¬ 
mer : and in the autumn following, when their leaves 
decay, the roots may be taken up, and tranfplanted where- 
they are to remain. They are very hardy plants, fo may 
be planted in any fituation ; and, as they grow naturally- 
in w'oods, they may be planted in vvildernefs quarters, un¬ 
der trees, where, although they have no great beauty, yet 
they will add to the variety. Thefe two forts may alfo 
be propagated by parting their roots; the bed time for 
doing this is in the autumn, foon after their leaves decay. 
Thefe fhould be planted pretty far afunder, for their roots 
fpread to a confiderable diftance, where they are left un- 
difturbed for fome years. 
Aralia Arborea et Capitata, f. in botany. See 
Hedera. 
ARALIAS'TRUM, /. in botany. See Panax. 
A'RAM, [d-is Heb. i.e. highnefs, or deceiving.} The 
fon of Shem. 
Aram, or Arams'a Re'gio, the Hebrew name of 
Syria, fo called from Aram the fon of Shem. JoJephus. 
Aram Bfth-R p hob, was that part of Syria lying to 
the north of Paleftine ; becaufe Rehob was its boundary 
towards that quarter, allotted to the tribe of Aftier, where 
it joins Sidon. 
Aram-Dammesek, or Syria Damascena, a princi¬ 
pal part of Syria, and more powerful than the reft; 2 Sam. 
taking its name from Damafcus, the principal city. 
Aram-Maacha, a diftriel of Syria, at the foot of 
mount Hermon, on rhe borders of the half tribe of Ma- 
nafleh, on the other lide the Jordan, called the coaft of 
Ma achat hi. 
Aram-Naharaim, i.e. Aram, or Syria of the Rivers, 
or Mefopotamia, fituated between the Euphrates and Ty- 
gris; which is the reafon of the name. 
Aram-Soba, or Zoba, which David conquered, was 
a country near the Euphrates, where afterwards Palmyra 
flood : the Euphrates bounded it On the eaft, as the land 
of Canaan and Syria Damafcena did on the weft. 
A'RAMONT, a town of the late province of Langue¬ 
doc, in France, feated on the river Rhone. Lat. 43.54. N. 
Ion. 4. 52. E. 
ARAN'DA-DE-DUERO, a town of Old Caftile, for¬ 
ty-two miles eaft of Valladolid. 
ARANE'A,yi the Spider; a genus of infledls belong¬ 
ing to the order of aptera, or infects without wings. Spi¬ 
ders have generally eight legs, with three joints in each, 
and terminating in three crooked claws; eight eyes, two 
before, two behind, and the reft on the Tides of the head. 
In the fore-part of the head, at the mouth, there is a pair 
of lliarp crooked claws, or forceps; thele Hand horizon¬ 
tally, and, when not exerted for ufe, are concealed in two 
cafes contrived for their reception, in which they fold like 
a clafp-knife, and there He between two rows of teeth. A 
little below the point of each claw there is a fmali hole, 
through which Leuwenhoek fluppofes the Tpider emits a 
kind 
