ARC 
and partly by liis being enabled by the aforefaid ftatute to 
grant faculties and difpenfations in both the provinces alike. 
At general councils abroad, the archbilhop of Canterbury 
had the precedency of all the other archbilhops. Godolpk. 
11. At home, he is the fir ft peer of the realm, and hath 
precedency, not only'before all the other clergy, but alfo 
(next and immediately after the blood royal) before all the 
.nobility of the realm, and all the great officers of flats. 
The archbilhop of Canterbury had anciently., viz. till 
the year 1152, jurifdidlion over Ireland as well as England, 
and was ftyled a patriarch , and fometimes alterius orbispapa, 
and orbis Britannici pontifex. Matters were done and re¬ 
corded in his name thus, Anno pcntifxatus nojlri primo, &c. 
The firft archbilhop of Canterbury was Aul'tin, appointed 
by king Ethelbert, on his converfion to Chriftianity, about 
the year 598 ; lie was alfo legatus natus ; he even enjoyed 
fome fpecial marks of royalty, as to make knights, coin 
money, &c. 
The archbilhop of York hath under him only four bi- 
fhop6, namely, thofe of Chefter, Durham, Carlifle, and 
Man; all the reft are under the archbifliop of Canterbury. 
Rut the archbilhop of York anciently claimed and had a 
metropolitan jurifdidtion over all the bilhops of Scotland, 
whence they had their confecration, and to which they 
fwore canonical obedience, until ahout the year 1466, when 
the bifhops of Scotland withdrew themlelves from tbeir 
obedience to this fee.; and, in 1740, pope Sextus IV. cre¬ 
ated the bifliop.of St. Andrew’s archbilhop and metropo¬ 
litan of all Scotland. Id. .14, :8. The archbilhop of York 
has the privilege of crowning the gueen-confort, and of 
being her perpetual chaplain; and hath precedency of all 
dukes not being of the'bloadn-oyal; and alfo before all the 
:great officers of ftate,.except the lord chancellor. Id. 13,14. 
The archbilliops are Laid to b e.inthroncd, when they are 
veiled in the archbifhopric ; whereas bilhops arefaid to be 
installed. Id. 22. Tliey may retainandqualifyeight.chap- 
lains, whereas a’bilhop can qualify only fix. Id. 21. In 
•fpeaking and writing to an archbilhop is given the title of 
grace and mojt reverend father in God ; whereas bilhops have 
the title of lord, and right reverend father in God. And an 
archbilhop writes himfelf by divine providence, whereas bi- 
ihops only life by divine permijjion. 
Ireland has now four archbilhops; of Armagh, Dublin, 
Caffil, and Tuamj of whom the former is primate of all 
'Ireland. 
ARCHBI'SHO.PRrC,/ The ftate, or jnrifdiftion, of 
an archbilhop. 
ARCKBUT'LER, one of the great officers of the Ger- 
<manempire, who.prefents the.cup to the emperor on folemn 
•occalions. This office belongs to the king of Bohemia. 
ARCHCHAM'BERLAIN, an officer of the empire, 
■much the fame with the great tchambedain in England. 
The elector of Brandertburgh was appointed by the golden 
bull archchamberlain of the.empire. 
ARCHCHAN'CELLOR,.an high officer who, in an¬ 
cient times, p'efided aver the fecretaries of the court. 
Under the two firft races of the kings of France, when their 
•territories were divided into Germany, Italy, and Arles, 
there were three archchancellors: and hence the three 
archchancellors ftill fdbfifting in Germany.; the archbilhop 
of Mentz being archchancellor of Germany, the archbi- 
’ihop of Cologne, and the.archbilhop of Treves. 
ARCHCHAN'TER, the ,prelident of the chanters or 
'diorifters in a church. 
ARCHCON'T, a tide formerly given to the earl of 
Flanders, on account of his great power and riches. 
AR:CH‘DE A'CON,' [>2 idiacone, Fr. archidiaconvs, Lat. 
•of otexuSW-oi'©', Gr. of the .chief, and iWovaa, to 
minilier to, to ferve.J One that fupplies the bilhop’s place 
and office in fuch matters as'belong to the.epilcopal func¬ 
tion. The law fiyles him the bilhop’s vicar or vicegerent. 
The archdeacon hathecclefiaftical dignity and jurifdic- 
Yion ov.er the clergy and laity, next after the bifhop, through¬ 
out the diocefe, or in fome part of it only. Generally, the 
archdeacon hath power, under the ‘bifliop, of the exami. 
ARC 47 
nation of clerks to be ordained; and alfo of induftion of 
clerks inftituted to a benefice; like wife of excommunica¬ 
tion, injunction of penance, fufpen.fion, correction, iiifpeCt- 
ing and reforming abides in ecoleliaftical affairs: but his 
power is different in different diocefes, and therefore he is 
to be regulated according to the ufage and cuftom of his 
Gwn church and diocefe. There are lixty archdeacons ic 
England. 
Archdeacon’s Court, is the mod inferior court in 
the whole ecoleliaftical polity. It is held in the archdea¬ 
con’s abfence, before a judge appointed by himfelf, and 
called his official ; and its jurisdiction is fometimes in con¬ 
currence with, fometimes in ex cl 11 (ion of, the bilhop’s court 
of the diocefe. Front hence, however, by the ftatute 24 
Hen. VIII. c. re. there lies an appeal to that of the bifliop. 
ARCHDEA'CONRY,_/i \_archidiaconatns Lat.] Tile 
office or jurifdiClion of an archdeacon. 
ARCHDE A'CONSHIP,^. The office of an archdeacon. 
ARCHDRLT'ID, the chief or pontiff of the ancient 
druids of a nation. See Druid. 
ARCHDLT'KE, [ archidux , Lat.] A title given to fome 
fovereign princes., as of Anftria and Tulcany.—Philip 
archduke of Anftria, during his voyage from the Nether¬ 
lands towards Spain, was weather-driven into Weymouth. 
Careio. 
ARCHDU'CHESS, \_archiducheffe , Fr.] A title given 
to the lifter or daughter of the archduke of Anftria, art© 
the wife of an archduke of Xufcany. 
ARCH-PHILO'SOPHER, f. [from arch and philofo¬ 
pher. ] Chief philofopher. — It is no improbable opinion 
therefore, which the arch-philofopher was of, that the chief- 
eft perfon in every houfehold was always as it were a king. 
Hooker. 
ARCH-PRE'LATE, f. [from arch and -prelate.^ Chief 
prelate.—May we not wonder, that a man of St. Balil’s 
authority and quality, and arch-prelate in the houfe of God, 
ftiould have his name far and wide.called in.queftion ? IcL 
ARCH-PRES'BYTER, f. [from arch and prefbyier.^ 
Chief prelbyter-—As Ample deacons are in fubjeUion to 
prelbyters, according to the canon-law ; fo are alio prelby- 
ters and arch-prejbyters in (objection to thele archdeacons- 
Ay life. 
ARCH-RRIE S T, /k[ fro m r c 4 a ndp r fe/2 . ] Chief prieft. 
—The word decanus was extended to an ecclefiaftical dig¬ 
nity, which included the arch-priejls. Aylijfe. 
ARCHAIO'LOGY, f. [from ancien.t, and 
a difeourfe.] A difeourfe on antiquity. 
ARCH AID LO'GLC, adj. Relating to a difeourfe on an¬ 
tiquity. 
AR'CHAISM,y. Gr.] An ancient phrafe, 
or mode of exprellion.—1 Ihall never life arckaifms like 
Milton. Watts. 
AR'CH E, f. X"Gr.] The firft attack of a difeafe s 
its firft ftagej that time of the dilorder in which the patient 
•firft takes to his'bed, or in which help might'be effectual. 
AR'CHED., part. adj. Bent in the form of an arch_- 
I fee how thine eye would emulate the diamond.; tliQU hall 
the right arched bent of the brow. Skakefpeare, 
ARCHELA'US, a celebrated Greek philofopher, the 
difciple of Anaxagoras, flourilhed about 440 years before 
Chrift. He read leftures at Athens, and did not depart 
much-from the opinions of his mafter. He taught that 
there was a double principle in all things, namely, the 
expanfion and condenfation of the air, which he regarded as 
infinite. Heat, according to him, was in continual nw. 
•tion. Cold was ever at reft. The earth, which .was pla¬ 
ced in the midft of the univerfe, had n.o motion. Jt ori¬ 
ginally refembled a wet marfh, but was afterwards dried 
up; and its figure, he laid, refembled that of an egg. 
Animals were produced .from the heat of the .earth, and 
even men were formed in the fame manner. All animals 
have a foul, which was born with them : but the capaci¬ 
ties of which vary according to the.ftruiihire of the organs 
of the body in which it relides. Socrates, the moft illuf- 
trious of his difciples, was his fucceffor. 
