ARC 
mind, and even lead us to attribute aftive powers, for a 
moment, to the (haft. Weaknefs and (Length are well ex- 
prelTed by the arrow which arrives fliort or which palfes 
far over rhe target ; and the different degrees of fwiftnefs 
perceptible in arrows, from bows of various powers, im¬ 
mediately affociate the ideas of bodily vigour and energy, 
in various degrees of ftrength. This is not fantaftic; it 
is thus we feel pleafure from the objects in nature which 
furround us. No wonder, then, that archery, fince it has 
ceafed to be dreadful in war, has of late become a favour¬ 
ite amulement, and that many companies are formed for 
the prefervation and practice of fo noble and elegant an 
art. Of thele focieties, the following are the principal, 
viz. The Artillery Company, Royal Edinburgh, Toxo- 
philite, Woodmen of Arden, Royal Kentilh Bowmen, 
Royal Britilh Bowmen, Robin Hood Bowmen, Loyal Ar¬ 
chers, Yorkffiire Archers, Hainhault Forefters, Southamp¬ 
ton Archers, Bowmen of Chiviot Chace, Kentifti Rangers, 
Woodmen of Hornfey, Surry Bowmen, Bowmen of the 
Border, Mercian Bowmen, Broughton Archers, Stafford- 
fliire Bowmen, and Trent Archers. 
That archery poffeffes many excellencies as an amufe- 
ment, requires little trouble to prove. It is an exercife 
adapted to every age and every degree of ftrength, and the 
blood may be driven with any required velocity, by in- 
creafing or diminiftiing the power of the bow. It is not 
neceffarily laborious, as it may be difcontinued at the mo¬ 
ment it becomes fatiguing; a pleafure not to be enjoyed 
by the hunter, who, having finiflied his chace, perceives 
that he muft crown his toils with an inanimate ride of forty 
miles to his bed. Archery alfo, as an amufement, is at¬ 
tended with no cruelty. It Iheds no innocent blood, nor 
does it torture harmlefs animals; charges which lie heavy 
againft many other favourite purfuits. It has been faid, a 
reward was formerly offered to him who could invent a 
new pleafure. Had fuch a reward been held forth by the 
ladies of the prefent day, he who introduced archery as a 
female exercife would defervedly have gained the prize. 
It is unfortunate that there are fo few' diverlions in the 
open air, in which women can join with that tinaffuming 
dignity which ornaments their character; and, as their 
fedentary life renders motion neceffary to health, it is to 
be lamented that fuitable amufements are wanting to in¬ 
vite them. Archery, however, feems well calculated to 
remedy this defeat ; and, fince the practice of it is become 
polite and faffiionable, we w'ere tempted to be as diffttfe 
in treating of it, as we are anxious to promote fo pleafmg 
and elegant an exercife. 
ARC'HES-COURT, curia de arcubus, is fo called, be- 
caufe it was anciently held in the church of St. Mary-le- 
Bow, which church had that appellation from the fteeple 
being railed at the top with ftone pillars in the manner of 
an arch or bow. And the judge thereof, for the like rea- 
fon, is called the dean of the arches', whole jurifditftion is 
properly over the thirteen parifhes only belonging to the 
archbifhop of Canterbury in London: but the office of the 
dean of the arches having been for a long time united w>th 
that of the archbiffiop , 's principal official, he now, in right 
of this laft-mentioned office, receives and determines ap¬ 
peals from the lentences of all inferior ecclefiaftical courts 
within the province. The fame perfon is likewife judge 
<f the peculiars, that is, of all thofe parilhes, fifty-feven in 
number, which, though lying in other dioceles, yet are no 
way fubjeft to the bilhop or archdeacon, but to the arch- 
biffiop. From this judge there lies an appeal to the king 
in chancery, that is, to a court of delegates appointed un¬ 
der the king’s great feal. The courts of arches and of 
the peculiars, as alfo the admiralty court, the prerogative 
court, and the court of delegates (for the mod part), are 
now held in the hall belonging to the college of civilians 
in London, commonly called DoBors Commons. 
AR'CHETYPE, J. \_archetypum, Lat. of cc^yiTvir^^ 
of the beginning or principal, and titt®*, an exam- 
pile or a pattern, Gr.] The original of w hich any refem- 
blance is made.—-Our fouls, though they might have per- 
A R C 59 
ceived images themfelves by fimple fenfe, yet it feems in¬ 
conceivable how they ffiould apprehend their archetypes. 
Glanville. —As a man, a tree, are the outw ard objects of 
our perception, and the outward archetypes or patterns of 
our ideas ; fo our fenfations of hunger, cold, are alfo in¬ 
ward archetypes or patterns of our ideas. But the notions 
or pidtures of thefe things, as they are in the mind, are 
the idea. Watts. 
ARCHE'TYPAL, adv. \_archetypus, Lat.] Original j 
being a pattern from which copies are made : 
1 hrough contemplation’s optics have I feen 
Him who is fairer than the Ions of men : 
The fource of good, the light archetypal. Norris. 
ARCHE'US,yi [probably from ugy&y Gr.] A word 
by which Paracelfus feems to have meant a power that 
prefides over the animal oeconomy, diftimft from the ra¬ 
tional foul. 
ARCHIACOLY'THUS, f. [from chief, and 
ay.dXsS®-, minifter, Gr.] An ancient dignity in cathedral 
churches ; the minifters whereof were divided into four 
orders or degrees, viz. priefts, deacons, fubdeacons, and 
acolythi, each of which had their chiefs. The chief of 
the acolythi was called arckiacolythus. 
ARCHI A'TER, J. \_oc^yyarg©., of chief, and 
a phyfician.] The chief or principal phyfician ; a 
phyfician to a prince. 
AR'CHIBALD, [of arch , eminent, and bald, quick; 
i.e. eminently or exceedingly fwift; or, if you will Itretch 
fo far, as to turn bald into bold, it will lignify extremely 
bold.] A proper name of men. 
ARCHIDA'PIFER, f. [from chief, and dapifer, 
fewer, or chief fewer.] A great officer of the empire. 
The eleftor of Bavaria is archidapifer. The palatine of 
the Rhine at one time pretended this office was annexed to 
his palatinate, but he has fince withdrawn his claim. 
ARCHIDI A'CONAL, adj. [from arckidiaconus, Lat. an 
archdeacon. ] Belonging to an archdeacon ; as, This otfence 
is liable to be cenfured in an archidiaconal vilitation. 
ARCHIEPIS'COPAL, adj. [from archicpij'copus, Lat. 
an archbifhop. ] Belonging to an archbifhop ; as, Canter¬ 
bury is ail archiepifcopal fee ; the fuffragans are fubject to 
archiepifcopal juri Idiftion. 
ARCHIERO'SYNES, f. in Grecian antiquity, a high- 
prieft veiled with authority over the reft of the priefts, 
and appointed to execute the more lacred and my.fterious 
rites of religion. 
ARCHIGAL'LUS,/i rhe high-prieft of Cybele, or the 
chief of the eunuch-priefts of that goddefs, called Galli. 
ARCHIGERON'TES,yi [ from ap%©-, and yegMy old.] 
In antiquity, the chiefs or rnafters of the feveral companies 
of artificers at Alexandria. Some have miftaken the ar- 
chigerontes for the arch-priefts appointed to take the con- 
feffions of thofe who were condemned to the mines. 
AR'CHIGR APHER, J. \_archigraphus, Lat. of agy 1 - 
of chief, and Gr. to write.] A 
chief fecretarv. 
ARCHIGUBER'NUS, or Archiguberne'ta, f. in 
antiquity, tlie commander of the imperial (hip, or that 
which the emperor was aboard of. Some have confound¬ 
ed the office of archigubernus with that of prafcBus clajjif 3 , 
or admiral, but the former was under the command of the 
latter. Potter takes the proper office of the archiguber- 
neta to have been, to manage the marine affairs, to pro¬ 
vide commodious harbours, and order all things relating 
to the failing of the fleet, except what related to war. 
ARCHIHERE'TICAL, J. Falfe in the higheft and 
moil dangerous degree. 
AR'CHIL, Archil'la, Rocel'i.a, or Orseil'i.e, 
a whitifti mofs growing upon rocks in the Canary and 
Cape Verd iflands, which yields a rich purple tincture, 
fugitive indeed, but extremely beautiful. This weed is 
imported to us as it is gathered. Thofe who prepare it 
for the ufe of the dyer, grind it betwixt (tones, fo as to 
thoroughly 
