A R C H 1 T 
Ion readily to comprehend the proportion, ufe, and fitua- 
tion, of each member; andalfo the feveral methods adopt¬ 
ed in calculating the parts, and tor fetting them oft tor 
practice. 
To ellablifh a fixed idea in the mind, of the utility and 
general character of the refpeftive orders, we thall briefly 
mention the ufual deftination of them in modern practice. 
The Tufcan is charaCterifed by its plain and robutl appear¬ 
ance, and is therefore ufed only in works where ftrength 
and plainnefs are wanted ; it has been ufed with great ef¬ 
fect and elegance in that durable monument of ancient 
grandeur, the Trajan column at Rome ; indeed, general 
content has etlablithed its proportions for fuch purpofes, 
beyond all others. The Doric poftefles nearly the fame 
character for ftrength as the Tufcan, but is enlivened by 
its peculiar ornaments ; the triglyph, mutule, and guttae 
or drops under the triglyph : thefe decorations charadterife 
the Doric order, and in part are infeparable from it. Its 
proportions recommend it where united ftrength and gran¬ 
deur are wanted. The Ionic partakes of more delicacy 
than either of the former, and therefore, as well as on ac¬ 
count of its origin, is called Feminine, and not improperly 
compared to a matronic appearance; it is a medium be¬ 
tween the mafeuline Tufcan and Doric, and the virginal 
flendernefs of the Corinthian ; the boldnefs of the capital, 
with the beauty of the ftiaft, makes it eligible for porticos, 
frontifpieces, entrances to houfes, &c. Denteles were firft: 
added to the cornice of this order. The Corinthian pof- 
f'efles more delicacy and ornament than any other order ; 
the beauty and richnefs of the capital, with the delicacy 
of the pillar, render it very properly adapted whenever 
magnificent elegance is required : it is frequently ufed for 
internal decoration to large ftate rooms; its appearance is 
of virginal delicacy and gay attire. The Compoftc order is 
fimilar to the Corinthian in its proportions, and nearly alike 
in its effects : the addition of the modern Ionic volute to 
the capital gives it a bolder projection ; and it is therefore 
applicable to theatres, ball and alfembly rooms, faloons, 
and other (lately apdrtments, in the lame manner as the. 
Corinthian. The mode of working thefe orders, and 
their refpeftive ornaments and parts, is the next objeft of 
confideration. 
Of Regular, and Quirked, MOULDINGS. 
The regular mouldings are fuch as were ufed by the an¬ 
cients, and are already flievvn in the plate of Bales, &c. in 
Ancient Architecture, p. 71. The height of the regular 
mouldings are generally equal to the projection, or nearly 
fo ; but there are other forms in practice, called modern , 
or quirked, mouldings, where the projection is often lefs 
than the height, and the curvature much flatter. The 
readied mode of projecting them may be feen in the fol¬ 
lowing figures: 
To deferibe the quirked cima reverfa, A.—Join the projec¬ 
tions at each end by the right line a b ; divide it into two 
equal parts at c, and to give a bolder efteCt, divide a b into 
three equal parts, or nearly fo, and with one-third, on a 
and c as centers, deferibe arcs, cutting each other at d ; 
and in like manner find the interfeCtion on the oppofite fide 
of the line at e ; laftly, on d and e deferibe the arcs a c and 
be, and it will form the cima reverfa required. 
To deferibe the quirked cima reverfa, B.— Divide the per¬ 
pendicular height into feven parts ; with two of the parts 
deferibe a femicircle c e ; on a draw a line from e c, and on 
the height of the firft divilion from the bottom b, deferibe 
the arc c d, and it will complete the moulding. The quirked 
<ima reverfa C, is deferibed in a fimilar mannor, as is plain 
on infpeCting the following figures : 
E C T U R E. 99 
To deferibe the quirked ovolo, D.—Divide the height into 
four equal parts, with one part on c, deferibe the femi¬ 
circle a fg. Join c b to the end of the fillet below ; on b 
deferibe the arc cd, on c, with thediftance a b, deferibe an 
arc cutting the former at d\ through d, and c, draw the 
line d c f cutting the fmall circle at f ; then with a radius, 
df, deferibe the arc f b, and it will complete a quirked 
ovolo. 
To deferibe the quirked moulding E, fatter in the lower part 
than that at D. — Deferibe the fmaller circle as in the laft ; 
and through its centre, and the end b of the fillet, draw 
the line c b e, taking the point e according as you intend 
to have the under part of the moulding flatter or quicker: 
take the diftance e c, and on b deferibe an arc at d, then 
take the diftance e a, that is e c, made lefs by the radius c a, 
of the fmaller arc afg, on c, with that diftance, deferibe 
an arc, cutting the former at d; laftly on d, with a radius 
df, deferibe the arc f b, and it will complete the quirked 
ovolo required. The quirked ovolo at F, is deferibed in 
the fame manner as E ; the only difference being in the 
projection, which is greater. 
B A, perpendicular, cutting the bottom of the fillet at A 
on g, the end of the bottom fillet; draw the line g a c, 
parallel to A B, make g a, equal to twice g A, on a , de¬ 
feribe the femicircle gee, cutting the line g a c, at c, 
through c, and the end of the fillet, at B, draw the line 
cB<, cutting the femicircle at e, draw the line a d e, cut¬ 
ting A B, in d\ laftly on d, deferibe the arc, e B, and it 
will complete the fcotia. Fig. H is a fcotia, deferibed 
after another method, viz. through points found from a 
femicircle, to the height of the moulding. 
Of Gluing up the Base, Shaft, and Capital. 
To each order there is a particular kind of bafe, as de¬ 
feribed in Ancient Architecture, p. 71, and illuftrated in the 
Plate facing that page. When the orders are executed in 
ftone, the bufinefs is mafonry; when in wood, it is the art 
of the joiner; but an architect muft be a competent judge 
of both. What follows, will relate principally to the exe¬ 
cution of the orders by the joiner, confequently the work- 
manlhip of the refpedtive parts will be in wood. The firft 
operation, therefore, is that of gluing up the bafe, which 
is exemplified in the annexed Plate, at fg. 1. Ihewing im 
what manner the bottom courfe is mitred together, which 
muft be done on a flat board, and all the joints fitted as 
dole as polfible. This courfe being glued together with 
great care, and well lecured in the infide with blocks at 
the angles, and the glue being thoroughly dry, plane the 
top of the courfe quite fmooth, and what workmen tech¬ 
nically 
