i®+ 
ARCHITECTURE. 
To draw the Tuft an Column and Entablature , jlanding upon a 
Sub-plinth .—Divide the whole height, as C D, in the fcale, 
into twelve equal parts, one will be height of the fub- 
plinth ; divide the remaining eleven into five equal parts, 
one will be the height of the entablature ; divide the re¬ 
maining four parts into feven, and one will be the diame¬ 
ter of the column. 
To draw the Tufcan Order entire with a Pedcjlal. —Divide 
the whole height, as in the fcale E F, into five equal parts, 
the lower one will give the height of the pedeftal; divide 
the remaining four into five equal parts, the upper one will 
give the height of the entablature ; divide the remaining 
four of thefe into feven equal parts, and one is the diame¬ 
ter of the column. The whole Tufcan column, thus com¬ 
pleted in all its parts, is fiievvn in the Plate, and explained 
by the following Table : 
In the Entablature. 
E Fillet 
F Cimata Re< 5 ta | 
G Fillet 
H Corona 
I Ovolo 
K Fillet 
L Cavetto 
M 
N Tenia 
O Upper Fafcia 
P Lower Fafcia 
V 
In the 
Cornice 
the Frize 
Jn the Ar¬ 
chitrave 
In the Column. 
Qjullet 
R F'afcia 
S Ovolo 
T Fillet 
U Neck of the 
Capital 
V Bead 
W Fillet 
X Fillet 
Y Torus 
Z Plinth 
J 
} 
1 
In the 
Capital 
In the 
Shaft 
In the 
Bafe 
The manner of fetting off the parts of the Doric Order, 
is much the fame as in the Tufcan; the heights and pro¬ 
jection of the parts being token from the diameter of the 
column at bottom, forms a fcale for each of the Orders; 
fo that the drawing and executing of the Tufcan, if well 
underftood, teaches to draw the Doric, or any other Or¬ 
der, without further inftruCtion or repetition. The greateft 
difficulty of the Doric Order are the triglyphs; thefe in 
modern buildings are placed exadly over the centre of the 
column, thirty minutes wide, fo that fifteen minutes are 
on each fide of the axis of the column ; the intitules in 
the cornice are exactly over them, and of the fame breadth ; 
the fmall conical fruftum under the triglyphs are called 
drops, or bells ; the manner of drawing the triglyphs and 
bells is as follows: Divide the breadth into twelve equal 
parts, give one to each half-channel on the outfide; two 
for each fpace or interval, and two for each channel, and 
one fpace will remain in the middle; every two divifions 
or parts is the width of a bell; the fide of every bell, if 
continued, would terminate in a point at the top of the 
fillet above them ; the fpaces between the triglyphs, called 
metopes, are always fquare, and fometimes enriched with 
ox-heads, and fometimes with pateras, according to fancy ; 
when the column is fluted it has twenty in number, and 
without fillets. The annexed Plate, Jig. i, reprefents a 
modern Profile of the Doric Entablature and Capital, which 
will ferve to illuftrate this fubjeCt in the mod obvious 
manner. 
To PROJECT the DORIC ORDER to a 
GIVEN HEIGHT. 
For the Column.-— Divide the height into eight equal parts, 
one of the parts is the diameter of the column, which dia¬ 
meter is to be divided into fixty minutes, as before direCt- 
ed, for practice. 
For the Column and Entablature. —Divide the given height 
into five equal parts, and the upper part will give the 
height of the entablature; divide the remaining four into 
eight equal parts, and one will give the diameter of the 
column. 
For the Column and Entablature upon a Sub-plinth .—Divide 
the given height into twelve equal parts, the lower one 
will give the height of the fub-plinth ; divide the remain¬ 
ing eleven into five equal parts, the upper one is the height 
of the entablature ; divide the remaining four parts into 
j?ight, and one of thefe is the diameter of the column. 
2 
For the Column and Entablature upon a PedeJIal. —Divide 
the given height into five equal parts, the lower one is the 
height of the pedeftal; divide the remaining four into five 
equal parts, and the upper one is the height of the enta¬ 
blature; divide the remaining four of thefe into eight 
equal parts, and one will give the diameter of the column. 
To PROJECT the IONIC ORDER to a 
GIVEN HEIGHT. 
For the Column and Entablature. —Divide the whole height 
into fix equal parts, give the upper one to the entablature, 
divide the lower five into nine parts, and one will give the 
diameter of the column, to be divided into fixty minutes 
as a fcale either to work or draw by. 
For the Column and Entablature on a Sub-plinth. —Divide 
the whole height into twelve equal parts, give the lower 
one to the fub-plinth, and proceed with the remaining 
eleven as above, which will give the height of the enta¬ 
blature, and the diameter of the column. 
For the Column , Entablature, and Pedcjlal. —In this, or any 
of the Jive Orders, the height of the pedeftal is always 
one-fifth part of the entire height; therefore the height 
of the entablature, and diameter of the column, may be 
found as before. In fig. 2, of the annexed Plate, is given 
a Front Elevation of the Ionic Capital, in the mode now 
praCtifed. All the parts being fully deferibed on the Plate, 
will require no further explanation here. Fig. 3, is a Pro¬ 
file of Caryatides, which may be applied to any purpofe 
either of ornament or fupport, where l'uch a ftyle is re- 
quifite, and they may be crowned with any of the feminine 
or delicate orders. 
To DRAW, or PROTECT, the CORINTHIAN 
ORDER. 
Fig. 4, of the annexed Plate, reprefents a modern Pro¬ 
file of the Corinthian Order, decorated with olive-leaves, 
inftead of thole of the acanthus, after the Roman man¬ 
ner. To find the places of the Items of the leaves, divide 
the femi-plan into eight equal parts, and draw the plan of 
the leaves, with their Items ; from the fide of each Item 
draw the perpendicular lines to the elevation of the capi¬ 
tal, and it will give the breadth of each Item on the front; 
the projection of the tops of the leaves is from a line join¬ 
ing the top of the abacus, and the altragal, at the bottom 
of the capital. All the different parts of this order being 
figured on the Plate, will render any further explanation 
unneceflary. With refpeCt to the meafurement, the dia¬ 
meter of the column is one-tenth part of its height; the 
height of the entablature, and pedeftal, are found in the 
fame manner as in the Ionic Order; that is, the height is 
divided into fix equal parts, the upper one is for the height 
of the entablature, one half of which will of courfe be 
the diameter of the column. ThCVpedeftal takes one-fifth 
of the entire Order, the fub-plinth one-twelfth. The 
diameter of the column is one-tenth of its height. 
To DRAW, or SET OFF, the COMPOSITE ORDER. 
The upper part of this Order being the fame as the Ionic 
angular capital, and the lower part for leaves, the fame 
as the Corinthian ; the general heights of the cornice, frize, 
architrave, capital, ftiaft, and bafe, are confequently the 
fame as that of the Corinthian ; the diameter of the co¬ 
lumn is one-tenth part of its height, as in the Corinthian ; 
the heights and projections of the members are obvious by 
the fame rules. 
The five Orders, correCtly drawn and highly finiftted, 
from the moft approved antiques, being given in three 
Plates in Ancient ArchiteElurc, might be there referred to as 
a further illuftration of the prefent fubjeft. 
APPLICATION of the ORDERS in BUILDING. 
Among the ancients, as we have already feen, the ufe 
of the orders was very frequent; many parts of their ci¬ 
ties were provided with fpacious porticos, their temples 
were furrounded with colonades, and their theatres, baths, 
bafilicas, 
