iisS A % € 
: 5 owed member of the entablature. Over a chimney, this 
member is called the mantle-piece ; and over doors or win¬ 
dows, the hyperthyron. 
ARC HIT RI'CLINUS, f. in antiquity, the mafter or 
■ dircdlorof a feaft, charged with the order and oeconomy ot 
it, the covering and uncovering of the tables, the com¬ 
mand of the fervants, &c. The architriclinus was fome- 
■times called fervus tricliniarcha, and by the Greeks tt^o- 
i. e. prcegufaior, or fore-tajier. Potter alfo takes 
the architriclinus for the fame w.ith the fympofiarcha. 
ARCHIVAU'LT, or A'RChivo'lt,/. in architedlure, 
implies the inner contour of an arch, or a band adorned 
with mouldings, running over the faces of arch-ftones, and 
bearing upon the imports. It has only a tingle face in the 
Tufcan order, two faces crowned in the Doric and Ionic, 
.-and the lame mouldings as the architrave in the Corin¬ 
thian and Compolite. 
AR'CHIVES, f. without afingular, [arclnva, Lat.] A 
chamber or apartment wherein the records, charters, and 
other papers and evidences, of a (late, houfe, or commu¬ 
nity, are preferved, to be confulted occalionally. It is per¬ 
haps fometimes ufed for the writings themfelves. We fay, 
the archives of a college, of a monaftery, &c. The ar¬ 
chives of ancient Rome were in the temple of Saturn $ the 
archives of the court of chancery are in the rolls office. 
AR'CHIVIST,y. [archivifla, Lat.] A keeper of the 
archives. Under the emperors, the archivift was an officer 
of great dignity, /held equal to the proconfuls, veiled w ith 
The quality of a count, ftyled clarijjimus, and exempted from 
all public offices and taxes. Among the ancient Greeks 
and Perfians, the trurt was committed to none but men of 
the firrt rank ; among the Franks, the clergy, being the 
only men of letters, kept the office among themfelves. 
Since the erection of the elettoral college, the archbilhop of 
Mentz has had the direction of the archives of the empire. 
ARCHMAR'SHAI,, /. the grand marffial of the em¬ 
pire, a dignity belonging to the elector of Saxony. 
AR'CHONS,/. in Grecian antiquity, were magirtrates 
appointed after the death of Codrus. They were chofen 
from the moft illuftrious families till the time of Ariftide.s, 
who got a law parted, by which it was enacted, that, in 
electing thefe magirtrates, lefs regard rtiould be paid to 
■birth titan to merit. When any obfeurity occurred in the 
laws relative to religion and the vvorffiip of the gods, the 
interpretation was fubmitted to the tribunal of the archons. 
Ariftotle obferves, that Solon, whofe aim was to make his 
■people happy, and who found their government in his time 
ariftocratical, by the election of the nine archons, who 
were annual magirtrates, 'tempered their pow er, by efta- 
bliffiing the'privilege of appealing from tkenv to the peo¬ 
ple, called by lot to give tiieir fuffrage, after having taken 
the oath of the Heliaftte, in a place near the Panathenaeum, 
where Hirtushad formerly calmed a fedition of the people, 
and bound them to peace by an oath. The archons were 
the principal officers, hot only in civil, but likewife in fa- 
cred, matters, and efpecially in the myfteries of Bacchus. 
The archons, however, who were furnamed eponymi, were 
chiefly employed in civil affairs ; yet they prefided at the 
great fetffts, and held the firft rank there. Hence they are 
fometimes rtyled priejts. 
Archou is alfo applied by fome authors to divers offi¬ 
cers, both civil and religious, under the eaftern or Greek 
.empire. Thus bifttops are fometimes called archontes ; and 
•the fame may be (aid of the lords of the emperor’s court. 
W e alfo read of the archon of the antimenjia, archon of archons , 
grand archon, £sV. 
ARCHOjS'TICS, heretics focalled, either from Archon, 
■their ringleader, or becaufe they held that archangels cre¬ 
ated the vvo.rld; they denied the refurrection, and faid. 
That the God of Sabbath exercifed a cruel tyranny in the 
feventh heaven ; that lie engendered the devil, who begat 
Abel and Cain upon Eve, * 
AR'CHOS, f. \la. 3 yj& } anarch.] The anus, focalled 
from its fhape. 
ARC 
ARCHOPTO'M A, f. [«?;>/©■', anus, and o, to fall 
down.] A bearing down of the rectum. 
ARCH'TELIN.yi a corn-meafure at Rotterdam, being 
three pecks, five quarts, and near a pint. 
AR'CHWISE, adv. In the form of an arch. 
AR'CHYLUTE, or Arcileu'to, f a long and large 
lute, having its'bafs firings lengthened after the manner 
of the theorbo, and each row' doubled, either with a little 
odlave or an unifon. It is ufed by the Italians for playing 
a thorough bafs. 
AR'CHYTAS, of Tarentum, a celebrated mathema¬ 
tician, cofmographer, and Pythagorean philofopher. He 
flourirtied about 400 years before Chrift ; and was the maf- 
ter of Plato, Eudoxus, and Philolaus. He gave a method 
of finding two mean proportionals between two given lines, 
and thence the duplication of the cube, by means of the 
conic fedfions, His (kill in mechanics w as fuch, that he 
was faid to be the inventor of the crane and the ferevv ; 
and he made a wooden pigeon that could.fly about, when 
it was once fet oft’, but it could not rile again of itfelf, 
after it relied. He wrote feveral works, though none of 
them are now extant, particularly a tfeatife 7rsgi ra Uaflo^ 
de Univerfo, cited by Simplicius in Arittot. Categ, It is 
faid he invented the ten categories. He acquired great 
reputation both in his legifiative and military capacity; 
having commanded an army feven times without ever be¬ 
ing defeated. He was at laft fiiipwrecked, and drowned 
in the Adriatic fea. 
ARCIS-SUR-AU'BE, a finall har.dfome towm of 
France, in the department of Aube, and kite province of 
Champagne, feated on the river Aube ; thirteen miles N. 
of Troyes. Lat. 48. 40. N. Ion. 4. 15. E. 
ARCITE'NENT, adj. [arcitcncns , Lat.] Bow-bearing. 
AR'GO, a town of Italy, on the river Sarca, near the 
N. extremity of the Lake de Garda, fixteen miles S. W. 
of the city of Trent. Lat. 46. o. N. Ion. 11.12. E. 
ARCO'NA, a (Long town fituated on the ifland of Ru- 
gen, in the Baltic. It flood on a high promontory, with 
the eart, north, and fouth, (ides defended by deep and lofty 
precipices, and the weft by a wall fifty feet high, propor- 
tionably thick, and fecured by a deep and broad ditch. 
It was, however, taken and ruined, in 1168, by Valdemar 
king of Denmark. One of the conditions impofed by the 
conqueror was, that the inhabitants Ihould dertroy a tem¬ 
ple they had eredled to St. Vitus, and deliver up the vart 
treafure belonging to this tutelary faint. Another was, 
that they rtiould pay forty iilver yokes for oxen, and enter 
as foldiers in the Danilh fervice when called upon. 
AR'COS, a ftrong city of Andalufia, in Spain, feated 
on a High craggy rock, at the bottom of which runs the 
Gaudeleto. Its (Length lies not only in its fituation, but 
in the works eredled for its defence, and it is inaccellible 
on every fide but one. The governor relides in an old 
caftle, from whence there is a delightful profpedt, which 
extends very far into the neighbouring country. Lat. 36. 
40, N. Ion. s.io. W. 
ARCOT', a large city, the capital of the Carnatic, in 
the peninfula of Ilindoftan. It is 73 miles frpm Madras, 
and 217 from Seringapatam. Lat. 12. 30. N. Ion. 79. o. E. 
ARCTA'TION, / [from arflo, to ftraiten.] Straiten¬ 
ing; confinement to a narrower compafs. In medicine, is 
■when the intertines are conrtipated from an inflammation; 
alfo a preternatural ftreightnefs of the pudendum muliebre. 
ARC'TIC,/. [from the northern conftellation.J 
Northern ; lying under the Ardtos, or bear : 
Ever-during fnows, perpetual ffiades 
Of darknels, would congeal their livid blood, 
Did not the arftic tract fpontaneous yield 
A cheering purple berry big with wine. Philips. 
Arctic Circi.e, is a lerter circle of the fphere, pa¬ 
rallel to the equator, and parting through the north pole 
of the elliptic, cr diftant from the north or ardtic pole, by 
a quantity equal to the obliquity of the ecliptic, which was 
formerly 
