1:0 
ARC 
feflfilc flofcules; involucre partial one-leafed, four-parted, 
fpreuding, fpiny at the edge, many-flowered, very large, 
Coroila : proper of the difk male, feveral, as in the male ; 
of the ray female, four, pentapetalous. Stamina : to the 
males of the difk, as in the male. Pi It'll 1 u m : to the fe¬ 
males, germ Tubulate hifpid, under the receptacle of the 
flofcule; (Ivies two, reflex, permanent; (tigmas Ample. 
Pericarpimn : none; involucre converging with fpines. 
Seeds: to ihe females folitary, cordate, acuminate, bent 
outward, hifpid above, bilocular, the fize of the involucre. 
—EJJential Character. Male : umbel compound ; involucre 
five-leaved : corolla five.petalled ; (lamina five; pifttllum 
two, abortive. Androgynous: umbel Ample ; involucre 
fonr-paried. fpiny, very large, containing very many male 
fiofcnles in the difk, and four female ones in the ray. 
Male: petals five; (lamina five. Female; petals five; 
flvles two; feed one, bilocular, inferior. 
There is only one fpecies, called Arffopus echinatus, 
or prickly-leaved ardlopus. 11 is a handfo.me plant, from 
the Cape of Good Hope. The leaves are crowded, finuate, 
and ciliate, with fpines on the upper furface difpofed liar- 
wife at the finufes ; flowers terminating, among'the leaves. 
ARCTQSjTA'PHYLOS, f. See Vaccinium. 
ARCTOTHE'CA, J\ See Gorteria and Arctotis. 
ARCTO'TiS, f. [from a bear, on account of 
its fhagginefs.] In botany, a genus of the clafs fyngene- 
fia, order polygamia neceffaria, ranking in the natural or¬ 
der of compound flowers. The generic characters are— 
Calyx: common roundilh, imbricate ; lower Rales’more 
lax, Tubulate ; middle ovate; inmofl oblong; TcarioTe, 
rounded at the end. Corolla: compound radiate; co- 
rolloles hermaphrodite, very many, in the difk; females 
ligulate, near twenty, longer tlian the diamcterof the dilk ; 
proper of the hermaphrodites funnel-lhaped ; border quin- 
quefid ; ends reflex, equal ; of the females ligulate, lan¬ 
ceolate, very finely three-toothed ; tube (hort. Stamina; 
of the hermaphrodites, filaments five, capillary, fhort; an- 
therae cylindric, tubular, five-toothed, length of the co¬ 
rolla. Piltillum : of the hermaphrodites, germ fcarcety 
vilible ; ftyle cylindric, a little longer than the corolla ; 
ftigma Ample’: of the females, germ ovate-four-cornered, 
villofe, crowned with its proper calycle ; ftyle filiform ; 
fligmas ovate,oblong, thickifh, eredt. Pericarpium : none ; 
calyx unchanged. Seeds: in the hermaphrodites none ; 
in the females folitary, roundifh, villofe, crowned with a 
calycle vifinally of five leaves; leaflets ovate, fpreading. 
Receptaculum : villofe or chaffy ; flattifh.— EJJential Cha¬ 
racter-. Receptaculunx villofe or chaffy; down with a 
five-leaved crown. Calyx imbricate, with Rales fcariofe 
at the end. 
Species. I. Receptacle villofe. i. Ardfotiscalendula- 
cea, or marygold-fl owered ardtotis: radiant florets barren ; 
leaves runciuate, rather tomentofe. There are feveral va¬ 
rieties of tliis fpecies, viz. a. Ardtotis calendula : radiant 
florets twelve-told, nearly entire. ( 3 . Arctotis hypochon¬ 
driacs : radiant florets trifid, the middle infledted. y. 
Ardtotis triftis : radiant florets four-parted. $. Ardtotis 
corufcans : radiant florets three-parted ; the exterior one 
trifid. i]/. Ardtotis fitperba : radiant florets five-parted. 
All the varieties of this fpecies are annual ; are natives of 
the Cape of Good Hope, as are alfo the other fpecies. 
2. Arctotis Rrrata : radiant florets barren ; leaves lan¬ 
ceolate, undivided, tooth-ferrate. 
3. Ardtotis tenuifolia: radiant florets barren; leaves 
linear, undivided, naked. Perennial. 
4. Arctotis grandiflora, or great-flowered ardtotis : ra¬ 
diant florets fertile ; leaves pinnatifid, three-nerved. Bi¬ 
ennial. It flowers from March to May.' 
5. Ardtotis plantaginea, or plantain-leaved ardtotis ; 
radiant florets fertile ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, nerved, 
Item clafping. Perennial. Flowers from J tine to Auguft. 
6. Ardtotis argentea, or fllvery ardtotis ; radiant florets 
fertile ; leaves lanceolate-linear, quite entire, tonxentofe. 
Flowers yellow, blowing in Augult. Biennial. 
7,. Arctotis anguftifolia; radiant florets fertile, Items 
ARC 
creeping, leaves lyrate with two teeth on each fide. A 
variety: Ardtotis fpontanea; leaves oblong, toothed. 
The variety is white, very branching, and varies vvith 
leaves fcarcely broader than thofe of lavender. 
8. Ardtotis afpera, or rough ardtotis: radiant florets 
fertile; leaves pinnate-finuate, villofe, divifions oblong, 
toothed. Two varieties : a. Anemonofpermos africana, 
or broad-leaved rough ardtotis. | 3 . Anemonofpermos, 
&c. {lore aurantio puicherrimo, or narrow-leaved rough 
arctotis: has large, handfome, orange-coloured, flowers; 
difplaying themfelves from July to September. 
II. Receptacle chaffy. 9. Ardtotis paradoxa, or cha¬ 
momile-leaved ardtotis: radiant florets barren ; chaffs co¬ 
loured, longer than the difk; leaves bipinnate, linear, 
flowers in Auguft. On account of this difference in the 
down, Gaertner has placed this fpecies, vvith the twelfth 
and thirteenth, in a new genus, which he has entitled urjinia „ 
10. Ardtotis fcariofa, or fouthernwood-leaved arctotis ; 
radiant florets barren ; chaffs equalling the florets of the 
difk ; leaves decompound. Flowers from April to Auguft. 
11. Ardtotis paleacea, or chaffy ardtotis : radiant florets 
barren, chaffs equalling the florets of the difk ; leaves 
pinnate, linear. It flowers from April to Auguft. 
12. Ardtotis dentata, or fine-leaved ardtotis; radiant 
florets barren ; leaves pinnate, pinnas pinnatifid-indented. 
It is annual ; and flowers in July. 
13. Ardtotis anthemoides : chaffs fliorter than the flo¬ 
rets ; leaves linear. 
14. Ardtotis tenuifolia ; radiant florets barren ; leaves 
linear, undivided, fmooth. 
15. Ardtotis acaulis, or dwarf ardtotis: peduncles radi¬ 
cal, leaves lyrate. This is a low plant, the flower-ftem 
rarely exceeding fix inches in height ; but the flowers, 
which are yellow, are large and fine. They come out ill 
April, and continue to July. 
Propagation and Culture. The annual forts may be raifed 
from feeds fown in the fpring, either in a warm border of 
light earth, about the middle of April, or in a moderate 
hot-bed, towards the end of March. They may alfo be pro¬ 
pagated by cuttings or flips from the roots. The fhrubby 
forts are propagated by planting cuttings in a bed of light 
frefli earth, in any of the fummer months, obferving to 
fhade them from the heat of the fun until they have taken 
root, as alfo to refrefh them often with water; and, in fix 
weeks after planting, they will be rooted diffidently, at 
which time they fliould be tranfplanted into pots filled 
with frefh earth. Several of theie grow to the height of 
four or five feet ; and, as they fend forth many branches, 
they require to be frequently pruned, to keep them in or¬ 
der. They are feldom deftitute of flowers, unlefs the 
winter be fevere ; on which account they are very valua¬ 
ble. In that feafon they make a fine variety in the green- 
houfe or cape ftove; and when fet abroad in fummer, 
they produce flowers in great abundance. See Gorteria . 
ARCTU'R A,y". Inflammation, See. of the finger, from 
a curvature of the nail. 
ARCTU'RUS, /. a fixed ftar of the firft magnitude, 
between the thighs of the conftellation Bootes. So called 
front bear, and aga, tail; as being near the bear’s 
tail. This ftar is mentioned in Job, ix. 9, and xxxviii. 32, 
by the 11am cAiJh\ and by many of the poets under its 
Greek name ArSlums. Dr. Hornlby, the Savilian Profef- 
for of Aftronomy, concludes, that Ardturus is the neared 
ftar to our fyftem vifible in the northern hemifphere ; be- 
caufe the variation of its place, in confequence of a proper 
motion of its own, is more remarkable than that of any 
other of the ltars ; and, by comparing a variety of obfer- 
vations re (petting the quantity and diredtion of the motion 
of this ftar, he infers, that the obliquity of the ecliptic 
decreafes at the rate of 58 ' in 100 years ; a quantity which 
nearly correfponds to the mean of the computations fram¬ 
ed by Euler and De la.Lande, upon the principles of at- 
tradlion. Pbilofophical Transitions, v. 63. 
Arcturus,/. in botany. SeeCeLSiA. 
ARC'TUS, a name given by the Greeks to two con- 
ftelUtions 
