A R D 
ilelhtions of the northern hemifphere ; by the Latins call¬ 
ed urfa major and minor, and by us the greattr and Irflir bear. 
AR'CUATE, adj. [arcuatus, Lat.] Bent in the form of 
an. arch.—The caufe of the confufion in founds, and the 
inconfufion of fpecies vifible, is, for that the fight worketh 
in right lines ; but founds, that move in oblique and arcu¬ 
ate lines, muff needs encounter and dilturb the one the 
other. Bacon. —In the gullet, where it perforateth the mid. 
jiff, the carneotis fibres are inflected and arcuate. Ray. 
ARCU'ATILK, adj. Bent; infleaed. 
ARCUA'TION, / The a<T of bending any thing; in¬ 
curvation. The (late of being bent ; curvity, or crooked- 
nefs. In gardening, the method of raiding by layers inch 
trees as cannot be raifed from feed, or that bear no feed, 
as the elm, lime, alder, willow ; and is fo called from 
bending down to the ground the branches which fpting 
from the offsets or fiools after they are planted. See Lay¬ 
ers and Laying. 
ARCU'ATURE,/ | [arcuatura, low Lat.] The bend¬ 
ing or curvature of an arch. 
ARCUA'TUS,/I [from arcus, Lat. abow.] A fpecific 
name of the jaundice, either becaufe the colour of the eyes 
is like a rainbow, orbecaufe of the rainbow-like arch which 
is under the eye-lid in this difeafe. 
ARCUBA'LISTER,/! [from arcu's, a bow, and balijla, 
Lat. an engine.] A crofs-bow man. 
ARCUC'CIO, or Arcu'tio, J . a machine made of a 
board, covered with pieces of hoops, like the tilt of a 
waggon ; ufed in Italy to prevent children from being 
over-laid and fmothered by nurfes or others. Every nurfe 
in Florence is obliged to lay her child in an arcutio, under 
pain of excommunication. 
AR'CULA,y. [dim. of area., Lat. a chert.] The ca¬ 
vern in which the eye is lodged ; the focket of the eye. 
AR'CULUS, in heathen mythology, the patron of ho- 
nerty. 
A RCY'RIA,y in botany, a genus of fungi, according 
to the claflification of Albertini and Schweiniz. The 
fpecies are : i. Arcyria leucocephala. 2. Arcyria flava. 
3. Arcyria cinerea. 4. Arcyria incarnata. 5. Arcyria 
punicea. 
A'RD, [Sax.] Signifies natural difpofition ; as , Goddard, 
is a divine temper; Rcinard, a fincere temper; Giffard, a 
bountiful and liberal difpofition ; Bernard, filial affedlion. 
ARD, [Heb. a commander.] A man’s name. 
ARDA'LIDES, a furname of the Mufes, taken from 
Ardalns, fon of Vulcan, whom they held in great honour. 
AR'DALUS, a fon of Vulcan, faid to have been the firft 
who invented the pipe, and that he gave it to the Mufes. 
AR'DAMON, or Ardama,/! in antiquity, a veifel of 
water placed at the door of a perfon decealed, till the time 
of burial, as a token that the family was in mourning, and 
to ferve to fprinkle and purify perfons as they came out 
of the houfe. 
AR'DAS, f. [aa&z;, from a^svu, to defile ] Filth; 
excrement. 
AR DAS'SES, _/i in commerce, the coarfeft of all the 
filks of Perfia. In this fenfe, they fay, the legis, the houfets, 
the ckoitj's, and tire payas ardajjes, to fignify the word of 
tbofe four forts of Perlian filks. 
ARDASSl'NES, f. in commerce, called in France 
ablaques ; a very fine fort of Perfian (ilk, little inferior in 
finenefs to the fourbaftis. It is but little ufed in the filk 
manufailures of Lyons and Tours, becaufe it will not 
bear hot water in the winding. 
ARDE'A, y. [Blanchard deduces this word from ar- 
duus, Lat. becaule it flies high ; Minlhew from ardo, to 
burn, becaufe of the hot quality of its dung; others from 
she city of Ardea, from whole fcattered embers this bird, 
according to Ovid, is generated ; or from a.-eg, the air, and 
$vu, Gr. to penetrate.] In ornithology, a genus of birds 
of the order of grallae. The general characters of this 
genus are thefe—The bill is (traight, fharp, long, aqd 
fbmewhat compreffed, with a furrow that runs from the 
Hoftrils towards she point ; the noftrils are linear ; the 
ARD 131 
tongue fliarpened; and the feet have four toes. This 
extenfive genus contains the herons, the dorks, the cranes, 
the egrets, and the bitterns, amounting in all to ninety, 
fix fpecies, ranged in five divifions. 
I. Crertcd : bill hardly longer than the head. 
1. Ardea pavonia, the crowned or Balearic crane : crert 
briitly, ereCt; temples with two n iked wattles. Bill 
brownifii ; iridsgrey ; crown covered with fliort filky fea¬ 
thers; crert circular, yellowilh tipt with black, terhples 
and wattles red ; body blueifh-afli ; wing-coverts white, 
the greater ones reddifit, thole next the body black 101 ; 
tail and greater quill-feathers black, the fecondary bay ; 
legs dttfky. Inhabits Africa and Guinea; two feet nine 
indies long; is eafily tamed, ar.d feeds on worms and ve¬ 
getables; runs well, and continues'long on the wing; 
fleeps on one leg; flertr tough. 
2. Ardea virgo, the Nuniidian crane : behind each eye 
a tuft of long, white, pendent feathers. Bill yellowilh, 
the bafe greenifh, tip red ; irids red ; head and tips of the. 
primary quill-feathers black; feathers of the breaft long, 
pendulous; crert over the eyes turned back and pendu- 
Jous ; body blueifli-afh ; crown cinereous ; head, neck, 
throat, breaft, and legs, black. Inhabits Africa and Afia : 
three feet three inches long.—Thefe two beautiful birds 
are correbtly figured in Plate I. 
II. Cranes. Head bald. 
3. Ardea grus, the common crane: hind-head naked 
papillous ; cap and quill-feathers black ; body cinereous ; 
iniiermolt tail-feathers jagged. Bill greenilh-black ; front 
covered with black down; hind-head red, with a few 
fcattered hairs, and beneath a cinereous area ; temples and 
upper neck white; legs black.— There is alfo a beautiful 
variety, with the cap white ; lower part of the neck and 
quill-feathers black ; as delineated in the annexed en¬ 
graving, Plate II. Thefe inhabit Europe and Afia; but 
the white variety is found chiefly in Japan; they migrate 
in autumn towards the fouth ; are above five feet long : 
feed on all forts of vermin and green corn ; fly in vaft 
flocks, at a great height, and reft on one leg. 
4. Ardea Canadenfis, the brown crane : fore-head naked, 
papillous ; body cinereous; wings tertaceous on the out- 
fide. Bill dufky, the lower mandible tipt with pale flefh- 
colour ; head on the naked part red ; back, wings, and 
fcapulars, reddifli ; greater quill-feathers dark brown ; 
legs black. Inhabits North America; three feet three 
inches long ; feeds on corn and various infects, and mi¬ 
grates ; fle111 good. 
5. Ardea Americana, the whooping crane: crown, 
nape, and naked temples, papillous; front, nape, and pii- 
mary quill-feathers, black ; body white. Bill yellowirt), 
ferrate at the tip ; crown red, covered with black hair ; 
head beneath, as far as the lower jaw, red ; legs black. 
Inhabits North America ; four feet fix inches long ; makes 
a great clamour, and feeds on worms and marfh infedts. 
6. Ardea antigone, the Indian crane : naked head and 
papillous collar red ; body cinereous ; primary quill-fea¬ 
thers black. Bill greenifh-yellow with a dulky tip ; 
crown and fpot behind the eyes white ; legs red ; claws 
black. Inhabits Africa and India ; five feet high. 
This is the argil, orhurgil, mentioned by Mr. Ives, in 
his journey through India ; and of which he gives the fol¬ 
lowing defeription : “ It is a very large fpecies; from tip 
to tip of the wings'meafuring-fourteen feet ten inches; 
and from the tip of the bill to the.claws (even feet and a 
halt. The bill is fixteen inches round at the bale, and 
nearly of a triangular fhape ; the feathers of the back and 
wing are very ftrong, and of an iron colour; thole of the 
breaft long: over the belly a great deal of down, of a 
dirty white : the legs and half the thighs are naked. 
This monller (as Ives terms it) inhabits Bengal, and is 
alfo found at Calcutta. It majeftically ftalks along be¬ 
fore one, and appears at firft like a naked Indian. The 
common opinion is, that the fouls of the Bramins poffefs 
thefe birds. On opening one o! them, a terapin,.or land- 
4 toi'toilcj 
