ARE 
nial; their leaves are narrow, bridle-draped, in bundles, 
a(li-colonred or dark green ; their ferns almoft naked. Al- 
lioni has delcribcd and figured a much fmaller fpecies, 
differing from all the others. The leaves are rude, fil ia¬ 
ted, but capillary; the leaflets of the calyx are driated, 
but oval and pointed; the petals are much fmaller. A 
native of Switzerland, and was introduced in 1768, by 
profeffor de Saufllire. It flowers from June to Auguft. 
23. Arenaria fafciculata, or clufter-fiovvering fandwort: 
.leaves fubulate, dem eredf diff, flowers fafcicled, petals 
very fhort. Root annual. Stem four inches high, pu- 
befcent. Leaves linear, acuminate, erect, fubciliate. 
Flowers in bunches, dichotomous, on very fliort pedicels. 
Native of the fouth of France, the Alps of Piedmont, 
Auftria, &c. It flowers in Auguft. 
24. Arenaria grandiflora, or great-flowered fandwort: 
leaves fubulate, flat, diff, (the radical ones crowded;) 
dems one-flowered. Root perennial. Stemgbranc'hing, 
leafy, with one or two flowers on each branch. Leaves 
furrowed, awned, with the edge and nerve a little hairy. 
Native of Switzerland, the fouth of France, near Geneva, 
Mont Cenis, the Vaudois, Carniola, &c. 
25. Arenaria Auftriaca, or Andrian fandwort: dems un- 
•derfhrubby proftrate, then herbaceous and erett; leaves fu¬ 
bulate, flowers twin, petals emarginate. Perennial. Na¬ 
tive of the mountains of Auftria, Switzerland, and Pied¬ 
mont. 
26. Arenaria liniflora, or flax-flowered fandwort: dems 
ereft, branching below, and underfhrubby; leaves fubu¬ 
late, flowers twin. Perennial. A native of the fouthern 
countries of Europe. 
27. Arenaria recurva : radical leaves heaped, recurved, 
fubulate; dem fimple, bearing about three flowers. Root 
biennial, confifting.of many long, round, yellowifh, tough, 
fibres, collected into one head, and producing a tuft of 
dems, a finger’s length, with bundles of leaves in form of 
a rofe at their bafe. Gerard deferibes his plant as peren¬ 
nial ; dents many, three inches high, fimple, ftraight, hav¬ 
ing very fmall fcattered hairs towards the top. Native of 
Provence, and the high Alps of the Vaudois in Piedmont, 
in rocky paftures. Alfo of St. Gothard, St. Bernard, 
Enzeindaz, and other very high mountains of Switzerland. 
28. Arenaria obtufa: leaves linear flat obtufe, calyxes 
vifeid. Perennial. Stems feveral, procumbent, branched. 
Leaves connate, foft, green. Native of the high Alps of 
Switzerland, St. Bernard near the Hofpice,Feneftrelles,&:c. 
29. Arenaria lanceolata : leaves lanceolate three-nerved 
acute, calyxes lanceolate three-nerved. Root perennial, 
dark-coloured, tough, with very few fibres, creeping. 
Stems filiform, in a tuft, branching, creeping, very finely 
hairy. There is a great confufion of fpecies and fynonyms 
in this genus. 
30. Arenaria dianthoides : leaves linear fcabrous at the 
edge, flowers capitated, braftes ventricofe, longer than the 
peduncles. 31. Arenaria cucubaloides: leaves linear, fca¬ 
brous at the edge; panicles dichotomous, pubefeent; pe¬ 
tals obovate. Perennial. Found in Armenia by Tournfort. 
Propagation and Culture. The greater part of thefe plants 
are natives of Europe, and mod of them affedt mountain¬ 
ous fituations. They have neither fize nor brilliancy enough 
to be generally cultivated in gardens; many of them how¬ 
ever are neat elegant plants. The perennial forts may 
eafily be increafed by dips, or parting the roots. Both 
thefe and the annual forts may be propagated from feeds. 
They require no other care but what is neceflary for all 
hardy vegetables. 
ARENA'RII,yi in antiquity, gladiators who combated 
with beads in the arena, or amphitheatre. The arenarii 
were flaves of the lowed rank : fo that, though manumit¬ 
ted, they were not capable of being Roman citizens. They 
were the fame with what were otherwife called bejliarii. 
■See Gladiator. 
ARENA'RlUM,y! in ecclefiafttcal writers, denotes a 
•cemetery or burying-ground. The arenaria were properly 
.a kind of pits, or holes underground, wherein the ancient 
Vol.II. No. 6a. 
ARE r 4f 
Chridians not only buried their dead, but held their reli¬ 
gious a (feint) lies in times of perfecution. 
AREN A'TION, f. [from arena , Lat. fand.] It is ufed 
by fome phyficians for a fort of dry bath, when the patient 
fits with his feet upon hot fand. 
A'RENDONCK, a town of Brabant, two leagues ead 
of Turnhout. 
ARENDSE'E, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
LTpper Saxony, and old mark of Brandenburg, ten miles 
weft of Seehaufen. 
ARENO'SE, adj. \_arena, Lat.] Sandy ; full of fand. 
A'RENS, or Arenshar'de, a didridt of Selhsic in 
Denmark, through which the famous Danneuafke, that is, 
the great wall or rampart, which the Danilli king Gotric 
about the beginning of the ninth century built acrofs the 
country from Hollinded as far as the Siey, a length of forty- 
fix Englifti miles, as a defence againft the- incurfions of the 
Saxons and Sclavi. The people of this didrief were the 
. firft in the country who pro felled Chriftianity, and their 
.church-houfe, built in 826,'was often demoliflied by thole 
who turned again to idolatry. 
A'RENSBERG, a town of Germany, in the duchy of 
Weftphalia, with a cadle, the capital of a county, incor¬ 
porated with the eledforate of Cologne. It is lituated on 
the Rocr, and is divided into the old and new town : forty- 
eight miles north-eaft of Cologne, and forty fouth-fouth- 
ead of Munfter. Lat. 31. 23. N. Ion. 25. 27. E. Ferro. 
A rensberg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Wed- 
phalia, and county of Schauenbeg, fix miles N. o f Rintelin. 
Arensbkrg, a fea-port town of Ruflia, lituated on the 
ifland of Ezel, in the Baltic, ninety-fix miles S. W. of Revel. 
A'RENSWALDE, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Upper Saxony, and new mark of Brandenburg, ninety-four 
miles north-eaft of Berlin, and fifty north-north-eaft of Kuf- 
trin. Lat.53.10. N. Ion. 33. 14. E. Ferro. 
AREN'TES, f. a fort of cupping-glades ufed by the 
ancients. 
ARENTIM', in Entre-Duoro-e-Minho, Portugal. 
AREN'ULOUS, adj. [from arenula, Lat. fand.] Full of 
fmall fand; gravelly. 
ARENU'SA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and province of Calabria Ultra, fixteen miles weft of St. 
Severina. 
ARE'OLA,_/l called alfo halo, is the circle which fur- 
rounds the nipple on the breads. In virgins it is little and 
red ; in pregnant women it is larger and more brown. 
AREO'METER, f. [of the air, and to 
meafure.] An inftrument wherewith to meafure the den- 
dty or gravity of fluids. The areometer, or vvater-poife, 
is ufually made of glafs ; confiding of a round hollow ball, 
which terminates in a long dender neck hermetically feal- 
ed at top : there being at ftrft as much quickfilver put in¬ 
to it as will ferve to balance or keep it fwimming in an eredt 
podtion. The dem is divided into degrees as reprefented 
in Jig. 1, of the following dgure ; and by the depth of its 
defeent into any liquor, the light- 
nefs of that liquor is concluded ; j|,| 
for that ftuid in which it finks Ilf., 
lead mud be heavieft, and that 
in which it finks lowed lighted. 
M. Homberg has invented a 
new areometer, deferibed in Phil. -PV 
Tranfadt. No. cclxii. thus: a 
(fig. 2J is a glafs-bottle, with fo 
dender a neck that a drop of wa¬ 
ter takes up in it ftve or fix lines, 
or half an inch. Near the neck 
is a fmall capillary tube d, about 
fix inches long, and parallel to 
the neck. To fill the veffel, the 
liquor is poured in at the mouth 
b (which is widened to receive a 
tunnel), till it run out at d, that is, till it rife in the neck 
to the mark c, by which means you have always the fame 
bulk or quantity of liquor; and confequently, by means 
O o of 
