ARE 
\ifod Ills litnloft efforts to weaken tlie authority of'the Areo¬ 
pagus, which was then did iked by the multitude. He 
took from it the cognizance of many affairs which had 
before come under its jurifditlion ; and, to forward Ins de- 
Jign of humbling it, employed the eloquence of Ephialtes, 
whole talents were formidable, and who was an avowed 
enemy to the great men of Athens. 
The areopagus itfelf feemed to fecond the endeavours of 
a man who projected its ruin, and by its own mifconduCt 
liaffened its fall. The old rules of the court, by which 
none were admitted its members but tlrofe whole unex¬ 
ceptionable conduct would fupport its majefty, feemed too 
fevere. They grew lefs delicate in their choice; and, pre- 
fuming that the faults with which they difpenfed would 
foon be reformed in the Ibciety of fo many good exam¬ 
ples, vice, as we fee in modern times, imperceptibly crept 
in among them : corruption, at fir (I fecret and timid, grew 
infenfibly open and daring, and made fuch progrefs, that 
the moil fhameful crimes were foon exhibited on the ftage; 
and they were not copied from the low and abandoned 
multitude, but from thofe ienators, once the venerable 
and auftere cenfors of idlenefs and of vice. Demetrius, 
the comic poet, wrote a piece which he entitled The Areo- 
fagites , where he itrips the maik oft thofe hypocritical 
legiflators, who were now equally apt to be feduced by 
wealth and beauty. Before this tribunal St. Paul was 
called to give an account of his dobtrine; and upon this 
occaiion heconvered Dionyfius, one of their number. 
AREO'TIC, adj. neat.] Attenuants, applied to 
medicines that dilfolve vifeidities, fo that the.morbific mat¬ 
ter may be carried off by fvveat, or infenfible perfpiration. 
AREQUPPA, a city of Peru, in South America, fitu- 
ated m lat. 17 0 S. Ion. 73 0 W. It is one of the moft beau¬ 
tiful cities in Peru, delightfully fituated in the valley of 
Quilca, one hundred leagues from Lima, and twenty from 
the fea, with which it communicates by a fine river. The 
entrance into the harbour is rather fhallow for lliips of 
great burthen; but when once they are entered, they may 
ride fecurely in eighteen fathoms water. This city was 
founded in 1539, by order of Don Francifco Pizarro, in 
a place knowm likewife by the name of Arequipa ; but its 
fituation being found di(advantageous, the inhabitants ob¬ 
tained leave to remove to the place where the city now 
Hands. The houfes are built with ftone, and vaulted ; 
and they are lofty, and finely decorated on the outfide. 
The temperature of the air is extremely good ; the cold 
is never exceffive, nor the heat troublefome, fo that the 
furrounding fields are clothed with perpetual verdure. 
Thefe natural advantages, however, are confiderably al¬ 
layed by its being very fubjeft to earthquakes, by which 
it has already been five times laid in ruins ; notwithftand- 
ing which, it is populous, and has among its inhabitants 
fome of the richeft families in America. 
ARER'ISEMENT, /. Affright, furprife. 
A'RES, a town of Germany, in the county of Tyrol, 
eleven miles fouth-weft of Tyrol. 
ARES,yi a word adopted by Paracelfus, to exprefs that 
power of nature in the whole material world, by which 
fpecies are divided into individuals'. 
ARES'CHE, a town of France, in the department of 
Jura, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrict of Arbois, 
fix miles eaft of Arbois. 
To ARET', v. a. To impute unto, to accufe. 
ARETiE'US, of Cappadocia, a Greek phyfician of the 
fedl of Pneumatifts, lived in the reign of Anguftus, ac¬ 
cording to fome; according to others, under Trajan, or 
Adrian. He wrote feveral treatifes in the Ionian dialeft, 
on acute difeafes, and other medicinal fubjefts, fome of 
which are dill extant. The bed edition of his works is 
that of Boerhaave, in Greek and Latin, with notes, printed 
in 1731 ; that of Wigan, printed at Oxford in 1723, in fo¬ 
lio, is alfo much efteemed. 
ARE'TE,/. [xqerv, virtue.] Hippocrates ufed this 
word to mean corporeal or mental vigour. 
ARE 143 
ARETHU'SA, in fabulous hiftory,' the daughter of 
Nereus and Coris, and the companion of Diana, who 
changed her into a fountain to deliver her horn the pur- 
fuit ot her lover Alpheus. 
AreTi-iusa, a celebrated fountain near the city of Sy- 
racufe in Sicily, famous for the quantity ot its waters, and 
the number of tithes it contained. Many fables were in¬ 
vented by the ancients concerning this fountain. They 
had alfo a notion that the river Alpheus ran under or thro’ 
the waters of the fea, without mixing with them, from 
Peloponnefus to Sicily. Mr. Brydone informs us, that it 
ftill continues to fend forth an immenfe quantity of water, 
riling at"once to the (ize of a river, but is entirely aban¬ 
doned by the fillies it formerly contained in fuch plenty. 
At fome diftance from Arethufa is a fountain of frefh wa¬ 
ter, which boils up very ftrongly in the fea, infomuch that 
after piercing the fait water, it may be taken up fometimes 
very little affedted by it. This fountain Mr. Brydone 
thinks the ancients were ignorant of, or they would not 
have failed to ufe it as an argument for the fubmarine jour¬ 
ney of Alpheus. Mr. Swinburn deferibes this once fa« 
mous fountain as a large pool of water near the quay, de¬ 
fended from the fea by a wall, and almoft hidden by houfes 
on every other fide. The water is not fait, but brackifli, 
and fit for no purpofe but walking linen. “ This (fays he) 
is the celebrated fountain of Arethufa, whole foft poetical 
name is known to every reader. The fable of the nymph 
and her conftant lover Alpheus, the excellence of the 
fpring, and the charms of its fituation, are themes on which 
ancient and modern poets have indulged their fancy, and 
exerciled their pens. Alas, how altered ! rubbifti chokes 
up its wholefome fources ; the waves have found a palfage 
through the rocks, which repeated earthquakes have fplit, 
and not a fifh is to be feen in it. . Sometimes, after an 
earthquake, it has been left dry ; and, at other times, the 
whole mafs of its waters have been tainted by fubterra- 
neous effluvia. Its fountain head probably lies among the 
neighbouring hills.” 
ARETHUSA,yi [fy'om the name of Diana’s nymph, 
above mentioned.] In botany, a genus of the gynandria 
diandria clafs, ranking in the natural order of orchiderc. 
The generic chara6ters are—Calyx : fpathe, leafy ; peri- 
anthium, none. Corolla : ringent ; petals, five, oblong, 
fubequal, tw'o outer, all converging into a helmet ; nec¬ 
tary, one-leafed, tubular at the bafe, within the bottom of 
the corolla, two-parted ; lower lip reflex, broad, wrinkled, 
the length of the petals, hanging down forwards ; upper 
lip linear, very tender, faftened to the fly le, lobed at the 
top. Stamina : filaments two, very lhort, fitting on the 
top of the piltil; antherae ovate, comprelfed, covered with 
the folding of the inner lip of the nedlary. Piftillum: 
germ oblong, inferior ; ftyle oblong, incurved, clothed 
with the inner lip of the neflary ; ftigma funnel-fhaped. 
Pericarpium : capfule oblong-ovate, one-celled, three - 
valved, gaping at the angles. Seeds: numerous, acerofe. 
—EJJential CharaBer . Nedlary tubular, within the bottom 
of the corolla ; the lower lip faftened to the ftyle. 
Species. 1. Arethufa bulbofa, or bulbous-rooted are¬ 
thufa : root globofe, fcape flieatlied, fpathe two-leaved. 
2. Arethufa ophiogloffoides, or adder’s-tongue leaved are¬ 
thufa: root fibrous, leaf of the fcape oval, fpathaceous ; 
leaflet lanceolate. 3. Arethufa divaricata, or lily-leaved 
helleborine or arethufa : root fubpalmate, leaf of the fcape 
and leaflet of the fpathe lanceolate, the outer petals riling. 
Inhabitants of watery places and bogs, in Virginia, Caro¬ 
lina, and Canada. 
4. Arethufa capenfls, or Cape arethufa : bulb round, 
ftem two-leaved, fimple, one-flowered. 5. Arethufa vil- 
lofa, or villofe arethufa : bulb round, leaves ovate ciliate, 
pubefeent. 6. Arethufa ciliaris, or ciliated arethufa: root 
fiefhy, leaf kidney-lhaped orbiculate, lip ciliate. From 
the Cape of Good Hope. 
7. Arethufa biplumata, or two-feathered arethufa : fcape 
fheathed, fpathe cowled, the two lower petals elongated 
bearded 
