ARE 
pies, would not flir from Ids feat till lie had learned per¬ 
fectly to ling off a verfe : upon which he declared, that 
lie could not have believed tiie. efficacy of the method, if 
he had not been convinced by the experiment he had him- 
felf made of it. The pope would have detained him at 
Rome, but this Guido declined; and, on his return home, 
he made a vilit to the abbot of Pompola, a town of Fer¬ 
rara, and he fettled in the monaftery of that place. Here 
it was that he compofed a trad on mufic, intitled Micro¬ 
forms, i.e. “a flior.t difcourfe ;” which he dedicated to 
Theodald biffiop of Arezzo. Mod of the authors who 
mention Guido, fpeakof the Micrologus as containing the 
fum of his doflrine : but it is in a final 1 tract, intitled 
Argumcnlum novi Cantus inveniendi, that his declaration of 
his life of the lyllables, with their feveral mutations, and 
in ffiort his whole doctrine of fol mi Cation, is to be found. 
This tra<ft makes part of an epiftle to a very intimate 
friend, whom he addreffes thus: “ Beatijfimo atquc dulcijji- 
mo fratri Mic/iaeli at whofe requeft the tract itfelf fcema 
to have been compofed. 
Whether Guido w'as the author of any other tradts, is 
not eafy to determine. It no where appears that any of 
his works were ever printed, except that Baronius, in his 
Annales Ecclefiajlici, tom.xi. p.73, has given at length the 
epiltle from him to his friend Michael of Pompofa, and 
that to Theodald biffiop of Arezzo ; and yet the writers 
on mufic fpeakof the Micrologus as of a book in the hands 
of every one. Martini cites feveral manufcripts of Guido ; 
namely, two in the Ambrofian library at Milan; another 
among the archives of the chapter of Piftoja, inTufcany; 
and a third in the Mediceo-Laurenziano library at Flo¬ 
rence. Of the feveral tradls above-mentioned, a manu- 
fcript is extant in the library of Baliol-college in Oxford. 
Several fragments are alfo among the Harleian manufcripts 
now in the Britiffi Mufeum, No. 3199 ; but fo much muti¬ 
lated, that they afford little fatisfaiftion to curious enquirers. 
Aretin (Leonard), one of the mod learned men of 
the fifteenth century, was fecretary to the republic of 
Florence, and tranflated from the Greek into Latin Come 
of the lives of Plutarch, and Ariftotle’s Ethics : he alfo 
compofed three books of the Punic war, that may ferve as 
a fupplement to thofe wanting in Livy ; the hiftorv of the 
tranfadtions in Italy during his time; that of ancient Greece; 
that of the Goths; that of the republic of Florence ; and 
many other books. He died in 1443, aged feventy-four, 
Aretin (Francis), a/nanof great reading, and well 
acquainted with the Greek language. He tranflated into 
.Latin the Commentaries of St. Chryfoftom upon St. John, 
and about twenty homilies of the fame father : he alfo 
tranflated the letters of Phalaris into Latin, and wrote a 
treatife De balneis Puteolanus. He ftudied at Sienna, about 
the year 1443 ; and afterwards taught law there with fuch 
reputation, that they called him the Prince of Subtleties, 
and his wit became a proverb. He difplayed his talents 
chiefly in difputes, in which no perfon could withftand 
him. He gave his opinions in law with fo much confi¬ 
dence, as to affure thofe who confulted him that they 
fhould carry their caufe: nor did experience contradict 
him ; for, it was a common faying at the bar, that fuch a 
caufe had been condemned by Aretin, and mull therefore 
be loft. He taught alfo in the univerfity of Pifa, and in 
that of Ferrara. When old age would not permit him to 
go through the duties of his office, they difpenled with 
his reading of ledtures, and his fidarv was continued. He 
was honoured with the title of knight, and fpent all his 
life in celibacy; and his way of living was fo parlimonious, 
that he was thereby enabled to amafs a great deal of wealth, 
which he defigned for the maintenance of a college; but 
he altered his refolution, and left it to his relations. 
Aretin (Peter), a native of Arezzo, who lived in the 
fixteenth century. He was famous for his fatirical wri¬ 
tings, which he even direded ugainft fovereign powers, 
and from thence obtained the title of the Scourge of Princes. 
Francis I. the emperor Charles V. mod of the princes of 
Italy, feveral cardinals, and many noblemen, courted his 
Vol. II. No. 63. 
friendfnip by prefents, either becaufe they admired his 
competitions, or perhaps from an apprehenfion of falling 
under the laili of his fatire. Aretin became thereupon fo 
indolent, that he is laid to have got a medal ftruck, on 
which he gave himfelf the title of Divine, dignifying there¬ 
by that he performed the functions of a god upon earth,, 
by the thunder-bolts with which he ftruck the heads of the 
higheft perlonages. He ufed to boaft, that his lampoons 
did more fervice to the world than fermons ; and it was 
faid ot him, that he had fubjedted more princes by his 
pen, than the greateft generals had ever done by their 
arms. Aretin wrote many irreligious and obfeene pieces ; 
fuch are his dialogues, which were called Ragionamenti. 
There is likewife imputed to him another very obfeene 
performance, De omnibus Veneris fchematibus. “ It was 
about the year 1525, (fays Mr. Chevillier,) that Julio Ro¬ 
mano, the mod famous painter of Italy, inftigated by the- 
enemy ot the falvation ot mankind, invented drawings to 
engrave twenty plates: the fubjedts are fo im mode ft, that 
I dare only name them. Peter Aretin compofed fonneto 
for each figure. George Vafari, who relates this in his 
Lives ot the Painters, fays, he does not know which would 
be the greateft impurity, to caft one’s eyes upon the draw¬ 
ings of Julio, or to dip into the verfes of Aretin.” Some 
lay that Aretin changed his libertine principles; but, how¬ 
ever this may be, it is certain that he compofed feveral 
religious pieces. He wrote a Paraphrafe on the peniten¬ 
tial Pfalms, and another on Genelis ; he wrote alfo the 
Lite of the Virgin Mary, and that of St. Catharine of 
Sienna, and of St. Thomas Aquinas. He died in the year 
1556, about fixty-five years old. 
ARETO'LOGY, f. [from virtue, and 
to difcourfe.] That part of moral philofophy which treats 
of virtue, its nature, and the means of arriving at it. 
ARE'TOS, f. [from afrnj, virtue.] A fpecies of moth- 
mullein ; fo called from its good qualities. 
AREVALIL'LO, a river of Spain, which runs into the 
Adaja, a little above Arevalos. 
AREVA'LOS, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, on the 
confines of Leon, between the rivers Adaja and Areva- 
lillo ; fix leagues fouth-eaft from Medina del Campo. 
AREZI'BO, a town in the itland of Porto Rico ; three 
leagues from St. John. 
AREZ'ZO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Tufcany, 
the fee of a biffiop, fuffragan of the archbifhop of Florence, 
but exempt from his jurifdiclion. In the time of the 
Romans, it was a place of conlidcrable trade ; and, when 
Scipio paffed into Africa, this town fupplied his army with. 
120,000 buffiels of wheat. It is thirty.-four miles fouth- 
eaft of Florence, and twenty-five eaft-north-eaft of Siennas 
Lat. 43.28. N. Ion. 29.36. E. Ferro. 
AR'FEUILLK, a town of France, in the department 
of the Allier, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridfc 
of .Cuffet; four leagues leagues ealt of Gullet, and four 
fouth of Donjon. 
AR'GA, a river of Spain, which waters Navarre, and 
falls into the Ebro. 
ARGZE'US, the fon of Licymnius, was carried away 
by Hercules, who promifed his father to bring him back/; 
but, the young man dying in the jo irney,. Hercules burnt 
his body and reduced it to'alhes, which he brought back 
to his father. It is faid this is the firlt nft’ancc of burning; 
dead bodies. 
AR'GAL, f. Hard lees flicking to the tides of wine- 
velfels, more commonly called tartar. 
AR'GAN,/. in botany. See Sideroxylon. 
ARGA'NA, a tovvn ot Alia, in Armenia, forty miles 
weft-north-well of Drurbek. 
AR'GANCY, a town of France, in the department of 
the Mofelle, and chief place of a canton,.in the dillriit of. 
Metz ; three leagues fouth of Thionville, and one and 
three-quarters north of Metz. 
AR'GASCII, a town of Ruftia, in the department of 
Simbirfk, fixty-four miles weft-fouth-iveft of Simbirik. 
Lat. 55. o. N. Ion. 64. 30. E. Ferro. 
Pp 
ARGASYL'LIS 
